C语言程序16：图形化中级篇
Merry Christmas
这里也可以是一个标题
提示：图形化文件格式需要设为 .cpp ;且设为多字节
一、显示图片
#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
/*
1.显示图片
2.图片尺寸问题
2.1 缩放加载
loadimage(&mm, "mm.jpg",int w,int h); //loadimage ：加载图片
（1）loadimage：加载图片
（2）IMAGE ：1.起名字 ,即将图片存放在IMAGE（c++里面的类，相当于c语言的结构体）类型变量中
（3）putimage ：显示图片
*/
int main()
{
initgraph(800, 600);
IMAGE mm;//1.起名字 ,即将图片存放在IMAGE（c++里面的类，相当于c语言的结构体）类型变量中
//loadimage(&mm,"图片路径")
//路径: 相对路径
// 绝对路径
loadimage(&mm, "mm.jpg",800,600); //修改了项目属性不需要加L
//putimage(int x,int y,&mm)
putimage(0, 0, &mm);
_getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
二、鼠标操作
#include <stdio.h>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>
/*
1.存放在变量：鼠标所有的动作反馈给计算机就只有一个值
MOUSEMSG m;
2.m.uMsg 代表当前鼠标消息
3. 鼠标的坐标:m.x,m.y
4.鼠标的类型
window:窗口 message:消息 mouse:鼠标 move:移动
WM_MOUSEMOVE:
//L:left R:right
//BUTTON:按钮
//down:按下 up:弹起
WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
5.获取鼠标消息：GetMouseMsg();
*/
int main()
{
//神雕侠侣: 左右互搏---->左键画圆 右键画方
initgraph(800, 600);
while (1)
{
MOUSEMSG m;
m = GetMouseMsg();
switch (m.uMsg)
{
case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
circle(m.x, m.y, 5);
break;
case WM_RBUTTONDOWN:
rectangle(m.x - 5, m.y - 5, m.x + 5, m.y + 5);
break;
}
}
closegraph();
//system("pause");
return 0;
}
三、音乐播放和鼠标点击案例
/*
简单的鼠标点击切换图片
1.音乐播放
1.1多媒体库 #include <mmsystem.h>
1.2加载静态库#pragma comment(lib,"winmm.lib")
mciSendString("指令集",0,0,0);
指令: open: 打开
play:播放
pause:暂停
resume:继续
close:关闭
stop:停止
wait:等待的播放方式
repeat:重复方式
2.批量加载
2.1 C语言基本知识-->循环+sprintf函数
*/
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <mmsystem.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"winmm.lib")
IMAGE img[3];//类型 数组名[数组长度]
void loadResource()
{
//加载资源
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
char fileName[20] = "";
sprintf(fileName, "%d.jpg", i+1); //图片名字是从1.jpg开始
loadimage(img + i, fileName,300,500);
}
}
//尽量要把加载资源的过程和画的过程分开
int main()
{
initgraph(300, 500);
loadResource();
mciSendString("open 1.mp3", 0, 0, 0);
mciSendString("play 1.mp3", 0, 0, 0);
//自动切换版本
//int count = 0;
//while (1)
//{
//putimage(0, 0, img + count);
//count++;
//if (count == 3)
//count = 0;
//Sleep(1000);
//}
int count = 0;
while (1)
{
putimage(0, 0, img + count);
MOUSEMSG m = GetMouseMsg();
if (m.uMsg == WM_LBUTTONDOWN)
{
count++;
if (count == 3)
count = 0;
}
else if (m.uMsg == WM_RBUTTONDOWN)
{
break;
}
}
closegraph();
return 0;
}
四、贪吃蛇游戏
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
//枚举出方向
enum 方向{left,right,up,down};
//抽象坐标
struct Point
{
int x;
int y;
};
struct snake
{
struct Point xy[100];//最多100节
int num;//蛇的节数
char position;//移动方向
}bigSnake;
int score = 0;
//1.,初始化蛇--->初始化结构变量-->描述事物的最初状态
void initSnake()
{
bigSnake.num = 50;
bigSnake.position = right;
//[0] [1] [2]
//bigSnake.xy[2].x = 0;
//bigSnake.xy[2].y = 0; //2
//bigSnake.xy[1].x = 10;
//bigSnake.xy[1].y = 0;
//bigSnake.xy[0].x = 20;
//bigSnake.xy[0].y = 0;
for (int i = bigSnake.num-1; i>=0; i--)
{
bigSnake.xy[i].x = 10*((bigSnake.num-1)-i);
bigSnake.xy[i].y = 0;
}
}
void drawSnake()
{
for (int i = 0; i < bigSnake.num; i++)
{
setlinecolor(BLACK);
setfillcolor(RGB(rand() % 256, rand() % 256, rand() % 256));
fillrectangle(bigSnake.xy[i].x, bigSnake.xy[i].y,
bigSnake.xy[i].x + 10, bigSnake.xy[i].y + 10);
}
}
void moveSnake()
{
//后面的我们可以直接处理
for (int i = bigSnake.num - 1; i > 0; i--)
{
//结构体不允许直接用基本运算符操作
bigSnake.xy[i].x = bigSnake.xy[i-1].x;
bigSnake.xy[i].y = bigSnake.xy[i - 1].y;
}
//蛇头 xy[0] 根据方向处理
switch (bigSnake.position)
{
case left:
bigSnake.xy[0].x -= 10;
break;
case right:
bigSnake.xy[0].x += 10;
break;
case up:
bigSnake.xy[0].y -= 10;
break;
case down:
bigSnake.xy[0].y += 10;
break;
}
}
//按键操作
void keyDown()
{
char userKey = '\0';
userKey = _getch();
if (userKey == ' ') //第一次按键空格
{
//暂停:下一次输入不是' ' 条件永远都成立
while (_getch() != ' '); //满足条件循环
}
//outextxy();
switch (userKey)
{
case 'w':
case 'W':
case 72:
if (bigSnake.position != down)
{
//往上走原来的方向不能往下
bigSnake.position = up;
}
break;
case 's':
case 'S':
case 80:
if (bigSnake.position != up)
{
bigSnake.position = down;
}
break;
case 'A':
case 'a':
case 75:
if (bigSnake.position != right)
{
bigSnake.position = left;
}
break;
case 'd':
case 'D':
case 77:
if (bigSnake.position != left)
{
bigSnake.position = right;
}
break;
}
}
//食物的属性
struct myFood
{
struct Point xy;//食物的坐标
int flag;//食物
}food;
//随机产生坐标
void initFood()
{
food.xy.x = rand() % 80 * 10;
food.xy.y = rand() % 60 * 10;
//食物不能出现在蛇的身上
int flag = 1; //标记法
while (flag)
{
flag = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < bigSnake.num; i++)
{
if (bigSnake.xy[i].x == food.xy.x&&bigSnake.xy[i].y == food.xy.y)
{
flag = 1;
food.xy.x = rand() % 80 * 10;
food.xy.y = rand() % 60 * 10;
}
}
}
food.flag = 1; //产生食物置为1
}
//画处理
void drawFood()
{
setlinecolor(BLACK);
setfillcolor(RGB(rand() % 256, rand() % 256, rand() % 256));
fillrectangle(food.xy.x, food.xy.y, food.xy.x + 10, food.xy.y + 10);
}
void eatFood()
{
if (food.xy.x == bigSnake.xy[0].x&&food.xy.y == bigSnake.xy[0].y)
{
bigSnake.num++;
food.flag = 0; //把标记置为0 为下一次食物生成准备
score += 10; //分数增加
}
}
//1.显示分数
void showScore(int x, int y, int score)
{
setbkmode(TRANSPARENT);
settextcolor(RED);
settextstyle(15, 0, "楷体");
char scoreStr[20] = "";
sprintf(scoreStr, "分数:%d", score);
outtextxy(x, y, scoreStr);
}
//2.碰壁处理--->边界处理
int hitBoard()
{
if (bigSnake.xy[0].x<0 || bigSnake.xy[0].y<0 || bigSnake.xy[0].x + 10>800 || bigSnake.xy[0].y + 10>600)
{
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
//3.撞自身
int hitSnake()
{
for (int i = 1; i < bigSnake.num; i++)
{
if (bigSnake.xy[0].x == bigSnake.xy[i].x&&bigSnake.xy[0].y == bigSnake.xy[i].y)
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
int main()
{
srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
HWND hwnd=initgraph(800, 600);
setbkcolor(WHITE);
cleardevice();
initSnake();
food.flag = 0;
while (1)
{
BeginBatchDraw();
cleardevice();
if (food.flag == 0)
{
initFood();
}
if (hitBoard())
{
MessageBox(hwnd, "hitBoard!", "hitBoard!", MB_OK);
break;
}
if (hitSnake())
{
MessageBox(hwnd, "hitSnake!", "hitSnake!", MB_OK);
break;
}
drawFood();
showScore(700,10,score);
eatFood();
moveSnake();
if (_kbhit()) //不要忘记这是一个函数 不要写成_kbhit;
{
keyDown();
}
drawSnake();
Sleep(50);
EndBatchDraw();
}
closegraph();
//system("pause");
return 0;
}
五、自绘按钮的封装
//自绘按钮制作
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <mmsystem.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"winmm.lib")
//按钮
typedef struct Button
{
//按钮左上角
int x;
int y;
//按钮的右下角
int xx;
int yy;
COLORREF color;
char *testString; //单纯的指向一个地方
}BTN,*LPBTN;
LPBTN createButton(int x, int y, int xx, int yy, COLORREF color, char *testString)
{
LPBTN button = (LPBTN)malloc(sizeof(BTN));
button->x = x;
button->y = y;
button->xx = xx;
button->yy = yy;
button->color = color;
//初始字符串指针:
button->testString = (char *)malloc(strlen(testString) + 1);
strcpy(button->testString, testString);
return button;
}
void drawButton(LPBTN pButton)
{
setlinecolor(BLACK);
setfillcolor(pButton->color);
fillrectangle(pButton->x, pButton->y, pButton->xx, pButton->yy);
setbkmode(TRANSPARENT);//去掉文字背景
settextcolor(BLACK);
settextstyle(30, 0, "楷体");
outtextxy(pButton->x + 15, pButton->y + 10, pButton->testString);
}
//判断鼠标是否在按钮中
int isInButton(LPBTN pButton, MOUSEMSG m)
{
if (m.x >= pButton->x&&m.x <= pButton->xx&&m.y >= pButton->y&&m.y <= pButton->yy)
{
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
int clickButton(LPBTN pButton, MOUSEMSG m)
{
if (isInButton(pButton, m))
{
if (m.uMsg == WM_LBUTTONDOWN)
{
return 1;
}
}
return 0;
}
int main()
{
IMAGE background;
loadimage(&background, "background.jpg", 800, 600);
initgraph(800, 600);
setbkcolor(WHITE);
cleardevice();
LPBTN play = createButton(300, 200, 450, 250, YELLOW, "播放音乐");
LPBTN pause = createButton(300, 260, 450, 310, YELLOW, "暂停音乐");
LPBTN resume = createButton(300, 320, 450, 370, YELLOW, "继续音乐");
LPBTN close = createButton(300, 380, 450, 430, YELLOW, "关闭音乐");
mciSendString("open 1.mp3", 0, 0, 0);
while (1)
{
BeginBatchDraw();
cleardevice();
MOUSEMSG m = GetMouseMsg();
putimage(0, 0, &background);
drawButton(play);
drawButton(pause);
drawButton(resume);
drawButton(close);
if (isInButton(play, m))
{
play->color = RED;
}
else
{
play->color = YELLOW;
}
if (isInButton(pause, m))
{
pause->color = RED;
}
else
{
pause->color = YELLOW;
}
if (isInButton(resume, m))
{
resume->color = RED;
}
else
{
resume->color = YELLOW;
}
if (isInButton(close, m))
{
close->color = RED;
}
else
{
close->color = YELLOW;
}
if (clickButton(play, m))//表示点击play按钮
{
mciSendString("play 1.mp3", 0, 0, 0);
}
if (clickButton(pause, m))
{
mciSendString("pause 1.mp3", 0, 0, 0);
}
if (clickButton(resume, m))
{
mciSendString("resume 1.mp3", 0, 0, 0);
}
if (clickButton(close, m))
{
mciSendString("close 1.mp3", 0, 0, 0);
}
EndBatchDraw();
}
_getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
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