15 个很有用的自定义 React Hooks
React 提供了自定义 Hooks 的特性,我们可以根据这个特性创建出很多有意思的功能,今天就来分享一些个人认为还不错的 Hooks,共计 15 个。
如果对于 React Hooks 还不是特别熟悉的话,可以先参阅这篇文章:
useClippy
useClippy
是一个用来读取或写入粘贴板的自定义 Hook,支持 TypeScript。
官方文档:https://github.com/CharlesStover/use-clippy
代码示例:
import useClippy from 'use-clippy';
export default () => {
const [clipboard, setClipboard] = useClippy();
return (
<div>
<button
onClick={() => {
alert(`粘贴板内容为: ${clipboard}`);
}}
>
读取粘贴板
</button>
<button
onClick={() => {
setClipboard(`新内容: ${Math.random()}`);
}}
>
写入粘贴板
</button>
</div>
);
};
useWindowSize
useWindowSize
用于获取浏览器窗口大小,默认按 debounce
方式获取,当然也可以以 throttled
方式获取。
官方文档:https://github.com/jaredLunde/react-hook/tree/master/packages/window-size
代码示例:
import { useWindowSize } from '@react-hook/window-size';
// import { useWindowSize } from '@react-hook/window-size/throttled';
export default (props) => {
const [width, height] = useWindowSize();
return (
<div>
width: {width}, height: {height}
</div>
);
};
useMediaQuery
useMediaQuery
通过在组件中使用 CSS3 Media Query 来控制组件。
官方文档:https://github.com/jaredLunde/react-hook/tree/master/packages/media-query
代码示例:
import React from 'react';
import { useMediaQuery, useMediaQueries } from '@react-hook/media-query';
// Using a single media query
// export default () => {
// const matches = useMediaQuery('only screen and (min-width: 400px)');
// return `Matches? ${matches ? 'Matched!' : 'Nope'}`;
// };
// Using multiple media queries
export default () => {
const { matches, matchesAny, matchesAll } = useMediaQueries({
screen: 'screen',
width: '(min-width: 400px)',
});
return (
<ul>
<li>Screen matched? {matches.screen ? 'Yes' : 'No'}</li>
<li>Width matched? {matches.width ? 'Yes' : 'No'}</li>
<li>All matched? {matchesAll ? 'Yes' : 'No'}</li>
<li>Any matched? {matchesAny ? 'Yes' : 'No'}</li>
</ul>
);
};
useAsync
useAsync
用于优雅地解决、取消和处理异步函数或 Promise,并且当组件卸载时还可以自动清除它们。
官方文档:https://github.com/jaredLunde/react-hook/tree/master/packages/async
代码示例:
import { useAsync } from '@react-hook/async';
export default () => {
const [{ status, cancel, error, value }, call] = useAsync(() => {
return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(() => resolve('Loaded'), 3000));
});
switch (status) {
case 'loading':
return (
<div>
<button onClick={cancel}>Cancel</button>
Loading...
</div>
);
case 'cancelled':
return (
<div>
Cancelled.
<button onClick={call}>Try again</button>
</div>
);
case 'error':
return `Error: ${error}`;
case 'success':
return value || 'Success!';
default:
return <button onClick={call}>Load me</button>;
}
};
useBrowserContextCommunication
useBrowserContextCommunication
使用 Broadcast Channel API 为不同浏览器上下文(选项卡,iframe,窗口)之间的通信提供简单的解决方案。
官方文档:https://github.com/AvraamMavridis/react-window-communication-hook
代码示例:
import useBrowserContextCommunication from 'react-window-communication-hook';
export default () => {
// communicationState 是一个 {lastMessage, messages} 对象,用于从其它的浏览器上下文接收数据
const [communicationState, postMessage] = useBrowserContextCommunication(
'channel'
);
const [status, setStatus] = useState('login');
function logout() {
setStatus('logout');
postMessage('logout');
}
const isLogout = [communicationState.lastMessage, status].includes('logout');
return (
<div>
<h1>状态:{isLogout ? '已退出' : '已登录'}</h1>
<button onClick={logout}>退出</button>
</div>
);
};
可以在浏览器里打开两个 Tab,然后在其中一个页面点击「退出」按钮,会发现两个 Tab 的页面都发生了变化。
useScript
useScript
用于动态加载外部脚本,并提供了 onLoad
回调用于得到脚本加载完成的时间。
官方文档:https://github.com/hupe1980/react-script-hook
代码示例:
import { StripeProvider } from 'react-stripe-elements';
import useScript from 'react-script-hook';
export default () => {
const [loading, error] = useScript({ src: 'https://js.stripe.com/v3/' });
if (loading) return <h3>Loading Stripe API...</h3>;
if (error) return <h3>Failed to load Stripe API: {error.message}</h3>;
return (
<StripeProvider apiKey="pk_test_6pRNASCoBOKtIshFeQd4XMUh">
<div>Hello</div>
</StripeProvider>
);
};
当然也可以以回调函数的形式使用:
useScript({
src: 'https://js.stripe.com/v3/',
onload: () => console.log('Script loaded!')
})
useLocalStorage
useLocalStorage
用于通过 localStorage API 进行数据存取。
官方文档:https://github.com/rehooks/local-storage
代码示例:
import { useLocalStorage, writeStorage } from '@rehooks/local-storage';
let counter = 0;
export default () => {
const [counterData] = useLocalStorage('counter');
return (
<>
{counter}
<button onClick={() => writeStorage('counter', ++counter)}>Write</button>
<button onClick={() => alert(counterData)}>Read</button>
</>
);
};
useIdb
useIdb
使用浏览器中的 IndexedDB
来存储数据,跟 useLocalStorage
类似。
官方文档:https://github.com/kigiri/react-use-idb
代码示例:
import { useIdb } from 'react-use-idb';
export default () => {
const [value, setValue] = useIdb('my-key', 'foo');
return (
<div>
<div>Value: {value}</div>
<button onClick={() => setValue('bar')}>bar</button>
<button onClick={() => setValue('baz')}>baz</button>
</div>
);
};
use-mouse-action
use-mouse-action
用于监听点击事件时鼠标(也可能是触摸板)按下或弹起。
官方文档:https://github.com/dimitrinicolas/use-mouse-action
代码示例:
import useMouseAction from 'use-mouse-action';
export default () => {
const props = useMouseAction({
onAction: () => console.log('You clicked or mouse downed me!'),
down: true,
});
return (
<button type="button" {...props}>
Click me fast!
</button>
);
};
useDebounce
useDebounce
用于延迟 setState
或者其它回调函数的执行。
官方文档:https://github.com/jaredLunde/react-hook/tree/master/packages/debounce
代码示例:
import {useDebounce, useDebounceCallback} from '@react-hook/debounce'
const Component = (props) => {
// at a basic level, used just like useState
const [value, setValue] = useDebounce('initialValue')
}
const useMyCallback = (initialState, wait, leading) => {
// this is the same code useDebounce() uses to debounce setState
const [state, setState] = useState(initialState)
return [state, useDebounceCallback(setState, wait, leading)]
}
useThrottle
useThrottle
用于稀释 setState
或者其它回调函数的执行频率。
官方文档:https://github.com/jaredLunde/react-hook/tree/master/packages/throttle
代码示例:
import {useThrottle, useThrottleCallback} from '@react-hook/throttle'
const Component = (props) => {
// at a basic level, used just like useState
const [value, setValue] = useThrottle('initialValue')
}
const useMyCallback = (initialState, fps, leading) => {
// this is the same code useThrottle() uses to throttle setState
const [state, setState] = useState(initialState)
return [state, useThrottleCallback(setState, fps, leading)]
}
useOnlineStatus
useOnlineStatus
用于获取当前的网络状态,内部通过监听 online
及 offline
事件实现。
官方文档:https://github.com/rehooks/online-status
代码示例:
import useOnlineStatus from '@rehooks/online-status';
export default () => {
const onlineStatus = useOnlineStatus();
return (
<div>
<h1>You are {onlineStatus ? 'Online' : 'Offline'}</h1>
</div>
);
};
useDocumentTitle
useDocumentTitle
用于更新页面标题。
官方文档:https://github.com/rehooks/document-title
代码示例:
import useDocumentTitle from '@rehooks/document-title';
export default () => {
useDocumentTitle('Page Title');
return <div />;
};
useNetworkStatus
useNetworkStatus
暴露了navigator.connection
对象,用于实时获取网络状态。
官方文档:https://github.com/rehooks/network-status/
代码示例:
import useNetworkStatus from '@rehooks/network-status';
export default () => {
let connection = useNetworkStatus();
return (
<div>
<div>downlink: {connection.downlink}</div>
<div>effectiveType: {connection.effectiveType}</div>
<div>rtt: {connection.rtt}</div>
<div>saveData: {connection.saveData ? 'yes' : 'no'}</div>
</div>
);
};
useSpeechSynthesis
useSpeechSynthesis
通过使用 Web Speech API 提供了语音识别及文字转语音的能力,还可以识别中英文。
官方文档:https://www.npmjs.com/package/react-speech-kit
在线示例:https://mikeyparton.github.io/react-speech-kit/
代码示例:
import { useSpeechSynthesis, useSpeechRecognition } from 'react-speech-kit';
export default () => {
const [value, setValue] = useState('');
const { speak } = useSpeechSynthesis();
const { listen, listening, stop } = useSpeechRecognition({
onResult: (result) => {
setValue(result);
},
});
return (
<div>
<textarea
value={value}
onChange={(event) => setValue(event.target.value)}
/>
<br />
<button onMouseDown={listen} onMouseUp={stop}>
Listen
</button>
<button onClick={() => speak({ text: value })}>Speak</button>
{listening && <div>Go ahead I'm listening</div>}
</div>
);
};
可以按住 Listen
按钮不放随便说一句话,它会自动识别录入到文本框里,然后再点击Speak
按钮,它会自动识别文本框中的内容并语音播放。