听说你装不了github的包？

vlambda
2020-08-29

听说你装不了github的包？

我多次介绍github包的使用，但经常会有人反应安装不了。可能网络上404上，不过github的网页总是能够上的，而网页上点击Download ZIP，应该也是可以的。不过啊，很多人安装这个zip有问题，在Windows下，二进制的R包就是zip格式，可能习惯于点击安装，选zip文件吧。但这可不行，因为不是编译好的R包，而是R源码，打成一个压缩包。这两者有点差别。

简单点讲，你平时安装包在CRAN上下载的zip，是动过手脚的，编译好的。而从github上下的zip是没动过手脚的，就是纯代码，压缩一下而已。

所以要安装从github下载的zip包，你需要自己去动手脚，也就是编译一下R包。先解压，然后用R CMD build folder去编译成二进制的包，如果你是windows的话，这时候生成的二进制包，也是zip格式。差别就在这，动手之前和动手之后的。

那么动手之后的，你就可以用R CMD INSTALL或者在R里使用install.packages()去安装了。

稍微还是麻烦点，所以很多人，就是去github下载了zip包，也装不了。

于是我写了一个install.zip()函数，你给的是源码打包的，它给你解压，给你编译，然后给你安装。

> install_zip("ggtree.zip")
✔  checking for file ‘/tmp/RtmpHiXVWl/file3ea34246ccb64/ggtree/DESCRIPTION’ ...
─  preparing ‘ggtree’:
✔  checking DESCRIPTION meta-information ...
─  checking for LF line-endings in source and make files and shell scripts
─  checking for empty or unneeded directories
─  building ‘ggtree_2.1.6.tar.gz’
   
Installing package into ‘/home/ygc/R/library’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
inferring 'repos = NULL' from 'pkgs'
* installing *source* package ‘ggtree’ ...
** using staged installation
** R
** inst
** byte-compile and prepare package for lazy loading
** help
*** installing help indices
** building package indices
** installing vignettes
** testing if installed package can be loaded from temporary location
** testing if installed package can be loaded from final location
** testing if installed package keeps a record of temporary installation path
* DONE (ggtree)

然后呢，这还不够，毕竟这需求多半也是在安装github包时会用到。所以啊，我又写了一个函数，install_zip_gh()，就跟你用devtools::install_github()似的，但是它直接去下载zip包，这样我想大多数人，应该就不会有访问github的问题了吧。下载了zip包之后，它再调用install_zip()给你安装了。

> install_zip_gh("yulab-smu/ggtree")
trying URL 'https://codeload.github.com/yulab-smu/ggtree/zip/master'
downloaded 327 KB

   checking for file ‘/tmp/RtmpHiXVWl/file3ea34c0f3725/ggtree-master/DESCRIPTION✔  checking for file ‘/tmp/RtmpHiXVWl/file3ea34c0f3725/ggtree-master/DESCRIPTION’
─  preparing ‘ggtree’:
✔  checking DESCRIPTION meta-information ...
─  checking for LF line-endings in source and make files and shell scripts
─  checking for empty or unneeded directories
─  building ‘ggtree_2.1.6.tar.gz’
   
Installing package into ‘/home/ygc/R/library’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
inferring 'repos = NULL' from 'pkgs'
* installing *source* package ‘ggtree’ ...
** using staged installation
** R
** inst
** byte-compile and prepare package for lazy loading
** help
*** installing help indices
** building package indices
** installing vignettes
** testing if installed package can be loaded from temporary location
** testing if installed package can be loaded from final location
** testing if installed package keeps a record of temporary installation path
* DONE (ggtree)