第十一章 分布式架构(MyCAT)
一、MyCAT基础架构图
最经典的:
将表拆分,外部仍然感觉在一个表上
双主双从,
转:https://www.jianshu.com/p/5e0062f6cf62
二、基础架构准备
1、环境准备
两台虚拟机 db01 db02
一组IP:db01 192.168.198.132;db02 192.168.198.146
一组IP:db01 192.168.40.137;db02 192.168.40.155
每台创建四个mysql实例:3307 3308 3309 3310
2、删除历史环境:
#pkill mysqld
#rm -rf /data/330*
#mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
3、创建相关目录初始化数据
#useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql
#mkdir /data/33{07..10}/data -p
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3309/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3310/data --basedir=/application/mysql
4、准备配置文件和启动脚本
######db01######
cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=7
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=8
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
port=3309
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=9
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3310/data
socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=10
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
######db02######
cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=17
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=18
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
port=3309
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=19
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3310/data
socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=20
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
5、授权并启动
#chown -R mysql.mysql /data/*
systemctl start mysqld3307
systemctl start mysqld3308
systemctl start mysqld3309
systemctl start mysqld3310
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
6、 节点主从规划
(1)箭头指向谁是主库
192.168.40.137:3307 <-----> 192.168.40.155:3307
192.168.40.137:3309 ------> 192.168.40.137:3307
192.168.40.155:3309 ------> 192.168.40.155:3307
192.168.40.155:3308 <-----> 192.168.40.137:3308
192.168.40.155:3310 -----> 192.168.40.155:3308
192.168.40.137:3310 -----> 192.168.40.137:3308
(2)分片规划
shard1:
Master:192.168.40.137:3307
slave1:192.168.40.137:3309
Standby Master:192.168.40.155:3307
slave2:192.168.40.155:3309
shard2:
Master:192.168.40.155:3308
slave1:192.168.40.155:3310
Standby Master:192.168.40.137:3308
slave2:192.168.40.137:3310
7、开始配置
(1)碎片一
第一步:192.168.40.137:3307 <-----> 192.168.40.155:3307
db02:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'192.168.40.%' identified by '123';"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant all on *.* to root@'192.168.40.%' identified by '123' with grant option;"
db01:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.40.155', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
db02:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.40.137', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
第二步:192.168.40.137:3309 ------> 192.168.40.137:3307
db01:
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.40.137', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
第三步:192.168.40.155:3309 ------> 192.168.40.155:3307
db02:
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.40.155', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
(2)碎片二
第一步:192.168.40.155:3308 <-----> 192.168.40.137:3308
db01:
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'192.168.40.%' identified by '123';"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant all on *.* to root@'192.168.40.%' identified by '123' with grant option;"
db02:
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.40.137', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
db01:
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.40.155', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
第二步:192.168.40.155:3310 -----> 192.168.40.155:3308
db02:
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.40.155', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
第三步:192.168.40.137:3310 -----> 192.168.40.137:3308
db01:
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.40.137', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
8、检测主从状态
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
注:如果中间出现错误,在每个节点进行执行以下命令
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
三、MyCAT安装
1、安装依赖包
#yum install -y java
2、下载
官网:http://mycat.org.cn/
Mycat-server-1.6.6.1-release-20181031195535-linux.tar.gz
3、解压后移动(绿色版不需要安装)
#tar xvf Mycat-server-1.6.6.1-release-20181031195535-linux.tar.gz
#cp -r mycat/ /application/
4、配置环境变量、启动和连接
#vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/aplication/mycat/bin:$PATH
#source /etc/profile
#/application/mycat/bin/mycat start
5、配置文件说明
(1)配置文件简介
①逻辑库:schema
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1">
</schema>
② 数据节点:datanode
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database= "world" />
③ 数据主机:datahost(w和r)
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.198.132:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="192.168.198.1346:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
(2)数据导入
db01:
#mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
mysql>grant all on *.* to root@'192.168.198.%' identified by '123';
mysql>source /data/world.sql
#mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock
mysql>grant all on *.* to root@'192.168.198.%' identified by '123';
mysql>source /data/world.sql
(3)读写分离结构配置
#vim /application/mycat/conf/schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="mifengdiandi" database= "world" />
<dataHost name="mifengdiandi" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.198.132:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="192.168.198.132:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
(4)重启mycat
#/application/mycat/bin/mycat restart
(5)读写分离测试
#mysql -uroot -p -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066
mysql> select @@server_id;
mysql> begin;select @@server_id;
总结:
以上案例实现了1主1从的读写分离功能,写操作落到主库,读操作落到从库.如果主库宕机,从库不能在继续提供读服务了。
6、配置读写分离+高可用
(1)配置文件
# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="mifengdiandi" database= "world" />
<dataHost name="mifengdiandi" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.198.132:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="192.168.198.132:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="192.168.198.146:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="192.168.198.146:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
说明:
真正的 writehost:192.168.198.132:3307负责写操作的writehost;
standby writeHost :和readhost一样,只提供读服务。
当写节点宕机后,后面跟的readhost也不提供服务,这时候standby的writehost就提供写服务,
后面跟的readhost提供读服务。
(2)重启mycat
#/application/mycat/bin/mycat restart
(3)测试
#mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 8066
show variables like 'server_id';
show variables like 'server_id';
show variables like 'server_id';
begin;
show variables like 'server_id';
7、配置中的属性介绍:
(1)balance
负载均衡类型,目前的取值有3种:
①balance="0", 不开启读写分离机制,所有读操作都发送到当前可用的writeHost上。
②balance="1",全部的readHost与standby writeHost参与select语句的负载均衡,简单的说,
当双主双从模式(M1->S1,M2->S2,并且M1与 M2互为主备),正常情况下,M2,S1,S2都参与select语句的负载均衡。
③balance="2",所有读操作都随机的在writeHost、readhost上分发。
(2)writeType属性
负载均衡类型,目前的取值有2种:
①writeType="0", 所有写操作发送到配置的第一个writeHost,
第一个挂了切到还生存的第二个writeHost,重新启动后已切换后的为主,切换记录在配置文件中:dnindex.properties .
②writeType=“1”,所有写操作都随机的发送到配置的writeHost,但不推荐使用
(3)switchType属性
-1 表示不自动切换
①1默认值,自动切换
②2基于MySQL主从同步的状态决定是否切换 ,心跳语句为 show slave status
(4)datahost其他配置
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
maxCon="1000":最大的并发连接数
minCon="10" :mycat在启动之后,会在后端节点上自动开启的连接线程
tempReadHostAvailable="1"
这个一主一从时(1个writehost,1个readhost时),可以开启这个参数,如果2个writehost,2个readhost时
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> 监测心跳
8、垂直分表
(1)配置文件
#mv schema.xml schema.xml.bak3
#vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
<table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/>
<table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/>
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="mifengdiandi1" database= "taobao" />
<dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="mifengdiandi2" database= "taobao" />
<dataHost name="mifengdiandi1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.198.132:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="192.168.198.132:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="192.168.198.146:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="192.168.198.146:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
<dataHost name="mifengdiandi2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.198.132:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="192.168.198.132:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="192.168.198.146:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="192.168.198.146:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
(2)创建测试库和表:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table user(id int,name varchar(20))";
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table order_t(id int,name varchar(20))"
(3)测试
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066