一个超轻量级工作流引擎:Workflow-Core
近期工作上有一个工作流的开发需求,自己基于面向对象和职责链模式捣鼓了一套小框架,后来在github上发现一个轻量级的工作流引擎轮子:Workflow-Core,看完其wiki之后决定放弃之前自己造的轮子,使用这个开源项目来改造,也就有了这一篇博文。
01
—
关于Workflow-Core
由于Workflow-Core支持工作流长期运行,因此Workflow-Core支持以下多种数据源格式的持久化,可以通过安装不同的Provider包来实现对应的持久化:
内存(默认提供,用于测试和开发)
MongoDB
MS SQL Server
MySql
Sqlite
Redis
PostgreSQL
立刻上手把,Nuget上安装一把,目前最新版本2.0.0:
Install-Package WorkflowCore
02
—
Workflow-Core 基础使用
1、Hello World
这里创建了一个.NET Core控制台应用程序,快速演示第一个Workflow-Core的Hello World,展示如何开始一个Workflow:
(1)定义一个实现IWorkflow接口的Workflow:
public class HelloWorldWorkflow : IWorkflow
{
public string Id => "HelloWorld";
public int Version => 1;
public void Build(IWorkflowBuilder<object> builder)
{
builder
.StartWith<HelloWorld>()
.Then<ActiveWorld>()
.Then<GoodbyeWorld>();
}
}
这里定义了一个HelloWorldWorkflow,其版本号为1,它有3个步骤:HelloWorld、ActiveWorld和GoodbyeWorld,会依次执行。
(2)定义三个继承自StepBody类的步骤类:
public class HelloWorld : StepBody
{
public override ExecutionResult Run(IStepExecutionContext context)
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");
return ExecutionResult.Next();
}
}
public class ActiveWorld : StepBody
{
public override ExecutionResult Run(IStepExecutionContext context)
{
Console.WriteLine("I am activing in the World!");
return ExecutionResult.Next();
}
}
public class GoodbyeWorld : StepBody
{
public override ExecutionResult Run(IStepExecutionContext context)
{
Console.WriteLine("Goodbye World!");
return ExecutionResult.Next();
}
}
(3)ServiceCollection中注入Workflow-Core相关组件
private static IServiceProvider ConfigureServices()
{
IServiceCollection services = new ServiceCollection();
services.AddLogging(); // WorkflowCore需要用到logging service
services.AddWorkflow();
var serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
return serviceProvider;
}
(4)在Program.cs的Main方法中获取到注入的host并执行工作流
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
var serviceProvider = ConfigureServices();
var host = serviceProvider.GetService<IWorkflowHost>();
host.RegisterWorkflow<HelloWorldWorkflow>();
host.Start();
// Demo1:Hello World
host.StartWorkflow("HelloWorld");
Console.ReadKey();
host.Stop();
}
这里传入的是Workflow的Id,Workflow-Core会根据Id去自动匹配最新版本的对应Workflow,运行结果如下:
2、无处不在的If
在工作流处理中,往往会有很多的条件判断,那么在Workflow-Core中也提供了直接的If功能,如下面这个IfStatementWorkflow所示:
public class IfStatementWorkflow : IWorkflow<MyData>
{
public string Id => "if-sample";
public int Version => 1;
public void Build(IWorkflowBuilder<MyData> builder)
{
builder
.StartWith<SayHello>()
.If(data => data.Counter < 3).Do(then => then
.StartWith<PrintMessage>()
.Input(step => step.Message, data => "Outcome is less than 3")
)
.If(data => data.Counter < 5).Do(then => then
.StartWith<PrintMessage>()
.Input(step => step.Message, data => "Outcome is less than 5")
)
.Then<SayGoodbye>();
}
}
这个传递进来的MyData的定义如下:
public class MyData
{
public int Counter { get; set; }
}
当传递进来的MyData的Counter属性<3 或 <5时会有不同的分支进行逻辑的处理。
3、MySQL持久化支持
想要将工作流配置持久化到MySQL,只需以下两步:
(1)通过Nuget安装MySQL Provider包:
PM> Install-Package WorkflowCore.Persistence.MySQL
(2)注入到ServiceCollection
services.AddWorkflow(x => x.UseMySQL(@"Server=127.0.0.1;Database=workflow;User=root;Password=password;", true, true));
一旦启动,你就会发现Workflow-Core自动帮你创建了很多表用于持久化工作流配置和实例。
4、计划任务和循环任务
Workflow-Core还继承了计划任务和循环任务的功能:
(1)计划任务:比如在工作流步骤中设置一个延迟5分钟执行的计划任务
builder
.StartWith(context => Console.WriteLine("Hello"))
.Schedule(data => TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5)).Do(schedule => schedule
.StartWith(context => Console.WriteLine("Doing scheduled tasks"))
)
.Then(context => Console.WriteLine("Doing normal tasks"));
(2)循环任务:比如在工作流步骤中设置一个延迟5分钟进行的循环任务,知道Counter > 5才结束
builder
.StartWith(context => Console.WriteLine("Hello"))
.Recur(data => TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), data => data.Counter > 5).Do(recur => recur
.StartWith(context => Console.WriteLine("Doing recurring task"))
)
.Then(context => Console.WriteLine("Carry on"));
5、Saga支持
了解分布式事务方案的童鞋应该都知道Saga,在Workflow-Core中也有支持,这是一个十分有用的功能:
(1)比如:在创建一个客户信息之后,将其推送到Salesforce和ERP,如果推送过程中发生了错误,那么就通过重试进行补偿,并且重试有时间间隔。
builder
.StartWith<CreateCustomer>()
.Then<PushToSalesforce>()
.OnError(WorkflowErrorHandling.Retry, TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10))
.Then<PushToERP>()
.OnError(WorkflowErrorHandling.Retry, TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10));
(2)又比如:当Task2发生异常时,Workflow-Core会帮助执行UndoTask2 和 UndoTask1 帮你回滚数据以恢复状态。
builder
.StartWith<LogStart>()
.Saga(saga => saga
.StartWith<Task1>()
.CompensateWith<UndoTask1>()
.Then<Task2>()
.CompensateWith<UndoTask2>()
.Then<Task3>()
.CompensateWith<UndoTask3>()
)
.OnError(Models.WorkflowErrorHandling.Retry, TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10))
.Then<LogEnd>();
更多Saga示例,请参考:https://github.com/danielgerlag/workflow-core/tree/master/src/samples/WorkflowCore.Sample17
03
—
ASP.NET Core中使用Workflow-Core
1、注入与初始化
(1)注入:使用AddWorkflow()扩展方法
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddWorkflow();
services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2);
}
(2)初始化:
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
.......
app.UseWorkflow();
}
扩展方法如下:
public static class ConfigureExtensions
{
public static IApplicationBuilder UseWorkflow(this IApplicationBuilder app)
{
var host = app.ApplicationServices.GetService<IWorkflowHost>();
host.RegisterWorkflow<EdcWorkflow>();
host.RegisterWorkflow<EdcDataWorkflow, EdcData>();
host.Start();
var appLifetime = app.ApplicationServices.GetService<IApplicationLifetime>();
appLifetime.ApplicationStopping.Register(() =>
{
host.Stop();
});
return app;
}
}
这里需要注意的就是:将你要用到的所有Workflow都事先进行Register注册。
在你想要用到的地方,无论是Controller还是Service,通过依赖注入获取到Host,并使用它:
[ ]
[ ]
public class ValuesController : ControllerBase
{
private IWorkflowController _workflowService;
public ValuesController(IWorkflowController workflowService)
{
_workflowService = workflowService;
}
// GET api/values
[ ]
public async Task<IEnumerable<string>> Get()
{
await _workflowService.StartWorkflow("EdcWorkflow");
return new string[] { "EdcWorkflow v1" };
}
// GET api/values/5
[ ]
public async Task<string> Get(int id)
{
await _workflowService.StartWorkflow("EdcDataWorkflow", new EdcData() { Id = id });
return "EdcDataWorkflow v1";
}
}
这两个Workflow的定义如下:
public class EdcWorkflow : IWorkflow
{
public string Id => "EdcWorkflow";
public int Version => 1;
public void Build(IWorkflowBuilder<object> builder)
{
builder
.StartWith<HelloWorld>()
.Then<GoodbyeWorld>();
}
}
public class EdcDataWorkflow : IWorkflow<EdcData>
{
public string Id => "EdcDataWorkflow";
public int Version => 1;
public void Build(IWorkflowBuilder<EdcData> builder)
{
builder
.StartWith<HelloWorld>()
.If(data => data.Id < 3).Do(then => then
.StartWith<PrintMessage>()
.Input(step => step.Message, data => "Passed Id is less than 3")
)
.If(data => data.Id < 5).Do(then => then
.StartWith<PrintMessage>()
.Input(step => step.Message, data => "Passed Id is less than 5")
)
.Then<GoodbyeWorld>();
}
}
示例结果很简单:
(1)api/values
(2)api/values/1
04
—
小结
Workflow-Core是一个适合.NET Core的优秀的轻量级工作流引擎,对于小型工作流和责任链类型的需求开发很适合,可以节约大量时间避免重复造轮子,将时间主要花在业务逻辑上面。当然,这里演示的示例只是众多功能特性中的一小部分,我只是选取了我用到的部分而已,大家有兴趣的话可以去GitHub上先给个star再仔细研究其wiki文档,应用到自己的项目中去。
恰童鞋骚年,风华不再正茂,仍想挥斥方遒
点个在看少个bug 👇