如何统一接口测试的功能、自动化和性能测试用例
服务端的测试，大多数内容都围绕着接口展开。对于接口测试，无非也是功能、自动化、性能测试为主，偶然想到一个问题，如果能写一个用例，在功能、自动化、性能三者的测试场景中重复使用，肯定能省去非常多的时间。
总体思路跟之前的接口和性能框架一样，通过总的测试项目中把接口功能封装好，留出来测试参数。功能测试就写方法调用然后人肉检查，自动化的话把接口响应拿出来，然后验证各种数据，性能直接使用性能框架直接调用该方法即可。
花了点时间，做了一个Demo，分享给大家。
这是一个简易的接口请求方法，其中main方法里面是功能测试执行代码，用例是文档形式，这里就不写了：
public class Headgear extends NajmBase {public Headgear(NajmBase najmBase) {this.loginKey = najmBase.loginKey;this.args = najmBase.args;this.user_id = najmBase.user_id;}private static NajmBase base = NajmBase.getBase(0);public static Headgear drive = new Headgear(base);/*** 当前正在使用的头套*/public int usingHeadgearId;// public JSONObject headgearInfo = new JSONObject();public Map<Integer, Long> headgearInfo = new HashMap<>();public static void main(String[] args) {// NajmBase.getUserBalance(base.user_id);// int type = 1, id = 36, packageId = 60, num = 1, price = 1;// NajmBase base1 = new NajmBase(V580User.getUserName(0));// Headgear headgear = new Headgear();// headgear.switchHeadgear(34);// output(headgear.getHeadgearInfo());// output(headgear.getUsingHeadgearId());// output(base1.loginResponse);// drive.getAllHeadgear();// new MallBase(base).buy(type, id, packageId, num, price);// drive.getUserHeadgearInfo();// NajmBase.getUserBalance(base.user_id);// drive.getUserHeadgearInfo();// drive.getOnsaleHeadgear();int times = 0;while (true) {times++;int type = 1, id = getRandomInt(2) == 1 ? 34 : 36, packageId = id == 34 ? 56 : 60, num = 1, price = 1;long deadtime1 = drive.getHeadgearInfo().get(id);Verify verify = new Verify(new MallBase(base).buy(type, id, packageId, num, price));drive.getUserHeadgearInfo();long deadtime2 = drive.getHeadgearInfo().get(id);if (deadtime2 - deadtime1 != DAY) break;}output("一共进行了：" + times);// output(drive.getHeadgearInfo());// output(drive.usingHeadgear);// output(drive.loginKey);// output(drive.args);// output(base.loginResponse.getJSONObject(DATAINFO).getJSONObject("headGear").getInt("id"));testOver();}/*** 获取所有头套信息，包括下架的** @return*/public JSONObject getAllHeadgear() {String url = HOST + HeadgearApiPath.GET_ALL_HEADGEAR;HttpGet httpGet = getHttpGet(url);JSONObject response = getHttpResponseEntityByJson(httpGet);output(response);return response;}/*** 用户切换头套接口** @param hid* @return*/public JSONObject switchHeadgear(int hid) {String url = HOST + HeadgearApiPath.SWITCH_HEADGEAR + hid + changeJsonToArguments(args);HttpPost httpPost = getHttpPost(url);JSONObject response = getHttpResponseEntityByJson(httpPost);// output(response);return response;}/*** 获取用户头套信息** @return*/public JSONObject getUserHeadgearInfo() {sleep(1);String url = HOST + HeadgearApiPath.GET_USER_HEADGEAR;JSONObject response = getHttpResponseEntityByJson(getHttpGet(url, args));output(response);if (isRightResponse(response)) {headgearInfo.clear();JSONArray jsonArray = response.getJSONArray(DATAINFO);jsonArray.forEach(json -> {JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(json.toString()) ;String name = jsonObject.getString("name") ;long deadTime = jsonObject.getLong("deadlineTime") ;int headgearId = jsonObject.getInt("goodId") ;int use = jsonObject.getInt("isUse") ;if (use == 1) usingHeadgearId = headgearId;headgearInfo.put(headgearId, deadTime);output(name, headgearId, getTimeByTimestamp(deadTime));} );}return response;}/*** 获取在售的头套的列表** @return*/public JSONObject getOnsaleHeadgear() {String url = HOST + HeadgearApiPath.GET_ONSALE_HEADGEAR;JSONObject response = getHttpResponseEntityByJson(getHttpGet(url, args));output(response);return response;}public int getUsingHeadgearId() {getUserHeadgearInfo();return usingHeadgearId;}public Map<Integer, Long> getHeadgearInfo() {getUserHeadgearInfo();return headgearInfo;}}
下面是基于该功能的自动化测试用例，main方法里面是调试用例的过程，执行用例的方法在之前的文章写过，利用反射去记录用例信息和执行测试用例，并保存测试结果，输出测试报告，异常预警等等：
/*** 用户0-10*/public class HeadgearCase extends SourceCode {static HeadgearCase headgearCase = new HeadgearCase();static NajmBase base = new NajmBase(V580User.getUserName(0));static Headgear drive = new Headgear(base);public static void main(String[] args) {// headgearCase.testDemo001();// headgearCase.testDemo002();// headgearCase.testDemo003();// headgearCase.testDemo004();headgearCase.testDemo005();// headgearCase.testDemo006();ApiLibrary.testOver();}/*** 获取所有头套信息用例*/public void testDemo001() {String label = "获取所有头套信息用例" + TAB + Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[1];Verify verify = new Verify(drive.getAllHeadgear());JSONObject result = new JSONObject();result.put("状态码为0", verify.isRight());result.put("包含数组", verify.isArray("heads"));result.put("包含已下架的头套", verify.isContains("自动化专用3"));result.put("包含正在出售的头套", verify.isContains("自动化专用1"));MySqlTest.saveTestResult(label, result);}/*** 获取在售的头套用例*/public void testDemo002() {String label = "获取在售的头套用例" + TAB + Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[1];Verify verify = new Verify(drive.getOnsaleHeadgear());JSONObject result = new JSONObject();result.put("状态码为0", verify.isRight());result.put("包含数组", verify.isArray("dataInfo"));result.put("不包含已下架的头套", !verify.isContains("自动化专用3"));result.put("包含正在出售的头套", verify.isContains("自动化专用1"));result.put("包含描述信息", verify.isContains("测试10天"));MySqlTest.saveTestResult(label, result);}/*** 获取用户头套信息用例*/public void testDemo003() {String label = "获取用户头套信息用例" + TAB + Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[1];Verify verify = new Verify(drive.getUserHeadgearInfo());JSONObject result = new JSONObject();result.put("状态码为0", verify.isRight());result.put("用户头套正常", verify.isContains("自动化专用1"));result.put("用户佩戴正常", verify.isContains("\"isUse\":1"));result.put("头套套餐正常", verify.isContains("测试1天"));MySqlTest.saveTestResult(label, result);}/*** 余额不足购买用例*/public void testDemo004() {String label = "余额不足购买用例" + TAB + Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[1];NajmBase base = new NajmBase(V580User.getUserName(1));int type = 1, id = 36, packageId = 60, num = 1, price = 1;Verify verify = new Verify(new MallBase(base).buy(type, id, packageId, num, price));JSONObject result = new JSONObject();result.put("状态码为35", 35 == verify.getCode());MySqlTest.saveTestResult(label, result);}/*** 正常购买用例*/public void testDemo005() {String label = "正常购买用例" + TAB + Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[1];int type = 1, id = getRandomInt(2) == 1 ? 34 : 36, packageId = id == 34 ? 56 : 60, num = 1, price = 1;int balance = NajmBase.getUserBalance(drive.user_id);long deadtime1 = drive.getHeadgearInfo().get(id);Verify verify = new Verify(new MallBase(base).buy(type, id, packageId, num, price));drive.getUserHeadgearInfo();long deadtime2 = drive.getHeadgearInfo().get(id);int balance1 = NajmBase.getUserBalance(drive.user_id);JSONObject result = new JSONObject();result.put("状态码为0", verify.isRight());result.put("截止日期正确", (deadtime2 + EMPTY).equals(verify.getValue("deadlineTime")));result.put("头套日期增加正常", deadtime2 - deadtime1 == DAY);result.put("用户余额减少正常", balance - balance1 == 1);MySqlTest.saveTestResult(label, result);}/*** 用户切换头套用例*/public void testDemo006() {String label = "用户切换头套用例" + TAB + Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[1];drive.getAllHeadgear();int id1 = drive.getUsingHeadgearId() == 34 ? 36 : 34;Verify verify = new Verify(drive.switchHeadgear(id1));int id2 = drive.getUsingHeadgearId();JSONObject result = new JSONObject();result.put("状态码为0", verify.isRight());result.put("头套切换成功", id1 == id2);MySqlTest.saveTestResult(label, result);}}
下面是一个针对其中某个功能的性能测试用例（测试用例分两种，一类是HTTP单次请求的，我才用了获取请求的HttpRequestBase对象然后去重新发送并发请求，一类是多接口或者非HTTP请求，如dubbo，mysql，redis，消息队列等等，直接调用的方法进行压测）：
简单HTTP请求：
class CancelReason extends OkayBase{public static void main(String[] args) {def argsUtil = new ArgsUtil(args)def thread = argsUtil.getIntOrdefault(0, 2)def times = argsUtil.getIntOrdefault(1, 5)def base = getBase()Headgear drive = new Headgear(base);drive.getAllHeadgear()def request = FanLibrary.getLastRequest()def timesthread = new RequestThreadTimes(request, times)new Concurrent(timesthread, thread,"获取所有头套,内容流转二期压测接口").start()allOver()}}
非简单HTTP请求的请参考之前写过的性能测试框架Demo：。这类方法写起来比较简单，使用范围很高，但是需要根据不同的业务需求解决多线程数据和对象的安全问题。
整个项目放在git上，功能测试在本地，自动化项目和性能项目在服务器，采用Groovy脚本运行，也可以在本地调试。自动化项目采取定时或者间隔固定时间自动运行，性能项目收到输入命令groovy filename.groovy来运行。