【代理是什么?】nginx快速入门+反向代理hexo个人博客
## 前言
---
- **什么是nginx?**
Nginx是一款轻量级的Web 服务器/反向代理服务器及电子邮件(IMAP/POP3)代理服务器。特点是占有内存少,并发能力特别强。
- **nginx作用?
http代理,如:正向代理、反向代理
## 本文说明 '请大家务必查看'
本文有两个版本,**详细版、简洁版**。
前者适合新手,后者适合老手**(方便大家查找,从而过滤掉某些步骤,节约时间成本)** 所以大家按需查看哟。
| 详细版 | 简洁版 |
| - | - |
**简洁版**:包含所有步骤,以及命令的执行过程(适合新手)
**简洁版**:只包含命令(适合有一定熟练度的人)
## 工作原理
---
### 正向代理
- 客户端--->代理服务器--->访问的域名--->访问的服务器
- 客户端<--代理服务器<---访问的域名<--访问的服务器
**简单总结:正向代理是到客户端**
举个栗子:我们打韩服的'LOL'有延迟,我们就可以找一个代理(香港的'vpn'),代理访问国外的服务器,然后返回给代理,最后返回给我们。可以理解成加速器。
### 反向代理
- 客户端-->访问的域名-->代理服务器--->访问的服务器
- 客户端<--访问的域名<--代理服务器<---访问的服务器
**简单总结:反向代理是到服务端**
## 环境准备
---
| 系统 | Vcpu | 梅莫里| 网卡类型 |
| :----: | :--: | :---: | |
| 塞恩托斯7 | 2 | 4 | NAT模式 |
没有**hexo博客环境**看这里:
https://blog.新浪网.net/qq_48450494/article/details/ 124200611
## 详细版
### 入门:搭建步骤
#### 配置阿里云epel源:
~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo #下载epel源,否则没有nginx包
21:54:35-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 113.207.38.89, 113.207.38.90, 113.207.38.85, ...
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|113.207.38.89|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 664 [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo’
======================================================================================>] 664 --.-K/s in 0s
21:54:36 (131 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo’ saved [664/664]
#### yum安装nginx:
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y nginx #yum安装nginx软件
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.1-9.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem = 1:1.20.1-9.el7 for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libcrypto.so.1.1(OPENSSL_1_1_0)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libssl.so.1.1(OPENSSL_1_1_0)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libssl.so.1.1(OPENSSL_1_1_1)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: redhat-indexhtml for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libcrypto.so.1.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libprofiler.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libssl.so.1.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64
#### 启动nginx:
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浏览器验证访问nginx如图所示:
#### 配置德法奥特. conf文件
实现反向代理:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf # 如果没有conf.d目录需要创建,默认我们这里下载的nginx版本没有default.conf,创建即可
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:4000; #http根/目录,代理到http://127.0.0.1:4000
}
}
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx
**最后验证**
你会发现直接浏览器输入`ip`,不输入`4000`端口也实现了访问
`over`如下图所示:
## 卸载
[root@localhost ~]# yum remove -y nginx #yum卸载nginx
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.1-9.el7 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================================================================
Removing:
nginx x86_64 1:1.20.1-9.el7 @epel 1.7 M
Transaction Summary
================================================================================================================================
Remove 1 Package
Installed size: 1.7 M
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Erasing : 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64 1/1
warning: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf saved as /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.rpmsave
Verifying : 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64 1/1
Removed:
nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.1-9.el7
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /etc/nginx* #删除相关配置文件目录
## 简洁版
### 搭建步骤
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum install -y nginx
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浏览器 验证
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server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:4000;
}
}
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浏览器 验证
### 卸载
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