删库不跑路，我含泪写下MySQL数据恢复大法
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链接：https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000020116271
gzip -d backup.sql.gz | mysql -u<user> -h<host> -P<port> -p# 步骤一：解压（如果没有压缩可以忽略这一步）innobackupex --decompress <备份文件所在目录># 步骤二：应用日志innobackupex --apply-log <备份文件所在目录># 步骤三：复制备份文件到数据目录innobackupex --datadir=<MySQL数据目录> --copy-back <备份文件所在目录>
chengqm-3306>>show create table mytest.mytest \G;*************************** 1. row ***************************Table: mytestCreate Table: CREATE TABLE `mytest` (`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`ctime` datetime DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
[mysql@mysql-test ~]$ while true; do mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock -e 'insert into mytest.mytest(ctime)values(now())';date;sleep 1;done[mysql@mysql-test ~]$ mysqldump --opt --single-transaction --master-data=2 --default-character-set=utf8 -S /tmp/mysql.sock -A > backup.sql[mysql@mysql-test ~]$ head -n 25 backup.sql | grep 'CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE'-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000032', MASTER_LOG_POS=39654;假设要恢复到 2019-08-09 11:01:54 这个时间点，我们从 binlog 中查找从 39654 到 019-08-09 11:01:54 的日志[mysql@mysql-test ~]$ mysqlbinlog --start-position=39654 --stop-datetime='2019-08-09 11:01:54' /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/mysql-bin.000032 > backup_inc.sql[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ tail -n 20 backup_inc.sql......### INSERT INTO `mytest`.`mytest`### SET### @1=161 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */### @2='2019-08-09 11:01:53' /* DATETIME(0) meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */......
-- 2019-08-09 11:01:54之前的数据条数chengqm-3306>>select count(*) from mytest.mytest where ctime < '2019-08-09 11:01:54';+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 161 |+----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)-- 所有数据条数chengqm-3306>>select count(*) from mytest.mytest;+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 180 |+----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
# 全量恢复[mysql@mysql-test ~]$ mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock < backup.sql# 应用增量日志[mysql@mysql-test ~]$ mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock < backup_inc.sql
chengqm-3306>>select count(*) from mytest.mytest;+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 161 |+----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)chengqm-3306>>select * from mytest.mytest order by id desc limit 5;+-----+---------------------+| id | ctime |+-----+---------------------+| 161 | 2019-08-09 11:01:53 || 160 | 2019-08-09 11:01:52 || 159 | 2019-08-09 11:01:51 || 158 | 2019-08-09 11:01:50 || 157 | 2019-08-09 11:01:49 |+-----+---------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 提取某个库的所有数据sed -n '/^-- Current Database: `mytest`/,/^-- Current Database:/p' backup.sql > backup_mytest.sql# 从库备份文件中提取建表语句sed -e'/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/CREATE TABLE `mytest`/!d;q' backup_mytest.sql > mytest_table_create.sql# 从库备份文件中提取插入数据语句grep -i 'INSERT INTO `mytest`' backup_mytest.sql > mytest_table_insert.sql# 恢复表结构到 mytest 库mysql -u<user> -p mytest < mytest_table_create.sql# 恢复表数据到 mytest.mytest 表mysql -u<user> -p mytest < mytest_table_insert.sql
chengqm-3306>>show tables;+------------------+| Tables_in_mytest |+------------------+| mytest || t_myisam |+------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)chengqm-3306>>check table t_myisam;+-----------------+-------+----------+----------+| Table | Op | Msg_type | Msg_text |+-----------------+-------+----------+----------+| mytest.t_myisam | check | status | OK |+-----------------+-------+----------+----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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起一个新实例 -
在实例上建一个和原来一模一样的表 -
执行 alter table t_innodb discard tablespace;，删除表空间，这个操作会把 t_innodb.ibd 删除 -
从备份文件中找到 t_innodb.ibd 这个文件，复制到对应的数据目录，并授权 -
执行 alter table t_innodb IMPORT tablespace; 加载表空间 -
执行 flush table t_innodb;check table t_innodb; 检查表 使用 mysqldump 导出数据，然后再导入到要恢复的数据库
chgnqm-3306>>show tables;+------------------+| Tables_in_mytest |+------------------+| a |+------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[mysql@mysql-test ~]$ head -n 25 backup.sql | grep 'CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE'-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000034', MASTER_LOG_POS=38414;
[mysql@mysql-test mysql_test]$ mysqlbinlog -vv /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/mysql-bin.000034 | grep -i -B 3 'drop table `b`';# at 120629#190818 19:48:30 server id 83 end_log_pos 120747 CRC32 0x6dd6ab2a Query thread_id=29488 exec_time=0 error_code=0SET TIMESTAMP=1566128910/*!*/;DROP TABLE `b` /* generated by server */
# 第一条的 start-position 为备份文件的 pos 位置，stop-position 为 drop 语句的开始位置mysqlbinlog -vv --start-position=38414 --stop-position=120629 /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/mysql-bin.000034 > backup_inc_1.sql# 第二条的 start-position 为 drop 语句的结束位置mysqlbinlog -vv --start-position=120747 /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/mysql-bin.000034 > backup_inc_2.sql
[mysql@mysql-test ~]$ mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock < backup.sqlchgnqm-3306>>show tables;+------------------+| Tables_in_mytest |+------------------+| a || b |+------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)chgnqm-3306>>select count(*) from a;+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 71 |+----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[mysql@mysql-test ~]$ mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock < backup_inc_1.sql[mysql@mysql-test ~]$ mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock < backup_inc_2.sql
chgnqm-3306>>show tables;+------------------+| Tables_in_mytest |+------------------+| a || b |+------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)chgnqm-3306>>select count(*) from a;+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 274 |+----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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找出备份时的日志位置 -
找出执行了 drop table 语句的 GTID 值 -
导出备份时日志 位置到最新的 binglog 日志 -
恢复备份文件 跳过这个 GTID
SET SESSION GTID_NEXT='对应的 GTID 值';BEGIN; COMMIT;SET SESSION GTID_NEXT = AUTOMATIC;
应用步骤 3 得到的增量 binlog 日志
localhost:3306 -> localhost:3307(delay 600)chengqm-3307>>show slave status \G;...Master_Port: 3306Connect_Retry: 60Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000039Read_Master_Log_Pos: 15524Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002Relay_Log_Pos: 22845Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000038Slave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: Yes...Seconds_Behind_Master: 600...
chengqm-3307>>show tables;+------------------+| Tables_in_mytest |+------------------+| a || b |+------------------+
chengqm-3306>>drop table b;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)chengqm-3306>>show tables;+------------------+| Tables_in_mytest |+------------------+| a |+------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
stop slave;[mysql@mysql-test ~]$ mysqlbinlog -vv /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/mysql-bin.000039 | grep -i -B 10 'drop table `b`';...# at 35134#190819 11:40:25 server id 83 end_log_pos 35199 CRC32 0x02771167 Anonymous_GTID last_committed=132 sequence_number=133 rbr_only=noSET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;# at 35199#190819 11:40:25 server id 83 end_log_pos 35317 CRC32 0x50a018aa Query thread_id=37155 exec_time=0 error_code=0use `mytest`/*!*/;SET TIMESTAMP=1566186025/*!*/;DROP TABLE `b` /* generated by server */
change master to master_delay=0;start slave until master_log_file='mysql-bin.000039',master_log_pos=35134;
chengqm-3307>>show slave status \G;...Master_Port: 3306Connect_Retry: 60Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000039Read_Master_Log_Pos: 65792...Slave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: NoExec_Master_Log_Pos: 35134...Until_Log_File: mysql-bin.000039Until_Log_Pos: 35134
set global sql_slave_skip_counter=1;start slave;
chengqm-3307>>show slave status \G;...Slave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: Yes...1 row in set (0.00 sec)chengqm-3307>>show tables;+------------------+| Tables_in_mytest |+------------------+| a || b |+------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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停止同步 -
找出执行了 drop table 语句的 GTID 执行这个 GTID 的事务
SET SESSION GTID_NEXT='对应的 GTID 值';BEGIN; COMMIT;SET SESSION GTID_NEXT = AUTOMATIC;
继续同步
wget https://github.com/danfengcao/binlog2sql/archive/master.zip -O binlog2sql.zipunzip binlog2sql.zipcd binlog2sql-master/# 安装依赖pip install -r requirements.txt
python binlog2sql/binlog2sql.py --flashback \-h<host> -P<port> -u<user> -p'<password>' -d<dbname> -t<table_name>\--start-file='<binlog_file>' \--start-datetime='<start_time>' \--stop-datetime='<stop_time>' > ./flashback.sqlpython binlog2sql/binlog2sql.py --flashback \-h<host> -P<port> -u<user> -p'<password>' -d<dbname> -t<table_name> \--start-file='<binlog_file>' \--start-position=<start_pos> \--stop-position=<stop_pos> > ./flashback.sql
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binlog格式必须为row,且 binlog_row_image=full -
仅支持5.6与5.7 只能回滚DML（增、删、改）
# 依赖(centos)yum install gcc* pkg-config glib2 libgnomeui-devel -y# 下载文件wget https://github.com/Meituan-Dianping/MyFlash/archive/master.zip -O MyFlash.zipunzip MyFlash.zipcd MyFlash-master# 编译安装gcc -w `pkg-config --cflags --libs glib-2.0` source/binlogParseGlib.c -o binary/flashbackmv binary /usr/local/MyFlashln -s /usr/local/MyFlash/flashback /usr/bin/flashback
flashback --databaseNames=<dbname> --binlogFileNames=<binlog_file> --start-position=<start_pos> --stop-position=<stop_pos> mysqlbinlog -vv binlog_output_base.flashback | mysql -u<user> -p
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