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• 视图代码的测试用例，除了前面讲过的django.test.RequestFactory，也可以使用dajngo.test.Client模拟浏览器的请求方式走整个django响应流程。

• django.test中的Client类，用于模仿浏览器http请求。示例代码：

  from django.test import Client
  # 创建客户端
  self.client = Clist()
  

• 代码示例：

  from django.test import client
  from django.urls import reverse
  from test_plus.test import TestCase
  
  from .models import News
  
  class NewsViewsTest(TestCase):
  
      def setUp(self):
          self.other_client = Client()
          # 用户登录
          self.client.login(username="user01",password="password")
          self.other_client.login(username="user02",password="password")
          self.first_news = News.objects.create(
              user=self.user,
              content="第一条记录"
          )
          self.second_news = News.objects.create(
              user=self.user,
              content="第二条记录"
          )
          self.third_news = News.objects.create(
              user=self.other_user,
              content="第二条记录",
              reply=True,
              parent=self.first_news
          )
      
      def test_news_list(self):
          """测试列表页功能"""
          response self.client.get(reverse("news:list"))
          assert response.status_code == 200
          assert self.first_news in response.context["news_list"]
          assert self.second_news in response.context["news_list"]
          assert self.thrid_news not in response.context["news_list"]
      
      def test_delete_news(self):
          """删除动态"""
          initial_count = News.objects.count()
          response = self.client.post(reverse("news:delete_news",kwargs={"pk":self.second_news.pk} ))
          assert response.status_code = 302
          assert News.objects.count() == initial_count - 1
      
      def test_post_new(self):
          initial_count = News.objects.count()
          response = self.client.post(
              reverse("news:post_news"),{"post":"内容文字"},
              HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH="XMLHttpRequest" # 表示发送ajax请求
          )
          assert response.status_code == 200
          assert News.objects.count() == initial_count + 1
      
      def test_like_news(self):
          response = self.client.post(
              reverse("news:like_post"),{"news":self.first_news.pk},
              HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH="XMLHttpRequest"
          )
          assert response.status_code == 200
          assert self.first_news_count_likers() == 1
          assert self.user in self.first_news.get_likers()
          assert response.json()["likes"] == 1  # 从ajax请求的返回值中取值
  

python-slugify生成url别名

• slugify是指可以根据一段标题，生成一个符合标题内容的拼音字符串（通常被称为url的别名）。

• uuslug，用于生成一串uuid的url别名。

• slugify的使用：

  from slugify import slugify
  text = "这里是标题内容"
  print(slugify(text))
  # 输出zhe-li-shi-biao-ti-nei-rong
  

• 在models.py中集成slugify：

  # models.py
  # 重写模型中save方法即可
  
  class Article(models.Model):
      ...省略...
      
      def save(self, force_insert=False, force_update=False, using=None, update_fields=None):
          self.slug = slugify(self.title)
          super().save()
  

django-taggit标签tag管理

• django-taggit用于管理标签。

• 在models.py中集成django-taggit：

  from taggit.managers import TaggableManager
  
  class Article(models.Model):
      ...省略...
      tags = TaggableManager(help_text="多个标签使用英文逗号隔开",verbose_name="标签")
  

  # setting.py中添加taggit应用
  THIRD_PARTY_APPS = [
      ...省略...
      'taggit',
  ]