Linux运维 --- Tomcat服务配置

vlambda
2020-09-11

Linux运维 --- Tomcat服务配置

Tomcat 简介

Tomcat是Apache软件基金会的Jakarta项目中开发的一个Servlet容器，实现了对Servlet和JavaServerPage（JSP）的支持,Tomcat本身也是一个HTTP服务器,Tomcat主要用来解析JSP语言，html格式的网页页面。

Tomcat安装

JDK下载

获取下载JDK临时登陆oracle用户：http://bugmenot.com/view/oracle.com

解压JDK

root@localhost ~]# rz -y    # 将本地下载好的JDK软件上传到Linux服务器上rz waiting to receive.Starting zmodem transfer. Press Ctrl+C to cancel.Transferring jdk-8u261-linux-i586.tar.gz... 100% 140096 KB 15566 KB/sec 00:00:09 0 Errors[root@localhost ~]# yum install glibc.i686 -y[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local[root@localhost local]# mkdir {java,tomcat}[root@localhost local]# cd ~[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf jdk-8u261-linux-i586.tar.gz[root@localhost ~]# mv jdk1.8.0_261/ /usr/local/java

配置Java环境变量

[root@localhost local]# vim /etc/profile    #在 /etc/profile配置文末添加Java路径和环境变量export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_261export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATHexport CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib                            [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost local]# source /etc/profile   # 使Java环境变量立即生效[root@localhost local]# which java/usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_261/bin/java[root@localhost local]# java -version    # 查看Java版本java version "1.8.0_261"Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_261-b12)Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 25.261-b12, mixed mode)[root@localhost local]#

java环境变量常见报错

问题：[root@localhost ~]# java -version -bash: /usr/local/java/bin/java: /lib/ld-linux.so.2: bad ELF interpreter: No such file or directory
解决方案：[root@localhost ~]# yum install glibc.i686 -y

下载Tomcat软件

[root@localhost local]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.57/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz--2020-09-05 16:28:15-- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.57/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gzResolving mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)... 101.6.8.193, 2402:f000:1:408:8100::1Connecting to mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)|101.6.8.193|:443... connected.HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OKLength: 10379806 (9.9M) [application/x-gzip]Saving to: ‘apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz’
100%[================================================>] 10,379,806 1.13MB/s in 9.3s
2020-09-05 16:28:24 (1.06 MB/s) - ‘apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz’ saved [10379806/10379806]
[root@localhost local]#

安装Tomcat

[root@localhost local]# tar -xf apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz[root@localhost ~]# mv apache-tomcat-8.5.57 /usr/local/tomcat    # 配置 Tomcat 环境变量[root@localhost local]# echo 'export TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat' >> /etc/profile[root@localhost local]# source /etc/profile[root@localhost local]#[root@localhost ~]# tail -4 /etc/profileexport JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_261export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATHexport CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/libexport TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat[root@localhost ~]#

启动Tomcat

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.57/bin/startup.shUsing CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.57Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.57Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.57/tempUsing JRE_HOME: /usr/local/jdkUsing CLASSPATH: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.57/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.57/bin/tomcat-juli.jarTomcat started.[root@localhost bin]# [root@localhost bin]# ps -ef | grep javaroot 110329 104564 0 16:56 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto java[root@localhost bin]# ps -ef | grep tomcatroot 110331 104564 0 16:56 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat

在Firewalld上添加8080端口，关闭SELinux

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanentsuccess[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0[root@localhost ~]# getenforcePermissive[root@localhost ~]#

Linux运维 --- Tomcat服务配置

开启和关闭Tomcat

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.57/bin/shutdown.sh # 关闭 Tomcat[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.57/bin/startup.sh # 启动 Tomcat

配置 server.xml文件及虚拟主机

server 模块: 代表整个容器，相当于整个tomcat软件，port指定Tomcat监听shutdown命令端口
service 模块：相当于JVM，是容器类组件，包含其他组件
connector 模块：可指定port监听端口来接收请求，protocol指定连接器使用的协议，支持http与AJP，默认两个协议都开一个端口，一般不用AJP，注释掉
engine 模块: 容器组件，默认引擎为catalina，defaultHost指定默认虚拟主机
host模块：容器组件，表示一个虚拟主机，name表示主机名/域名，appBase表示网页根目录，一般为webapps，也可写绝对路径，unpackWARs为true则自动解压war包，否则直接从war文件中运行应用程序，autoDeploy="true"则在tomcat启动时，自动部署此主机

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.57/conf/[root@localhost conf]# lsCatalina context.xml logging.properties tomcat-users.xsdcatalina.policy jaspic-providers.xml server.xml web.xmlcatalina.properties  jaspic-providers.xsd  tomcat-users.xml[root@localhost conf]# vim server.xml    # 在server.xml配置文件末尾添加如下内容<Context path="/" docBase="/data/webapps/www" roloadable="true"/>

Linux运维 --- Tomcat服务配置

在 /data/webapps/www目录下，创建自己的html页面，重启Tomcat即可访问

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.57/webapps/[root@localhost webapps]# lsdocs  examples  host-manager  manager  ROOT[root@localhost webapps]# cp -a examples /data/webapps/[root@localhost webapps]# cd /data/webapps/[root@localhost webapps]# mv examples www[root@localhost webapps]# cd www[root@localhost www]# lsindex.html jsp servlets WEB-INF websocket[root@localhost www]# vim index.html <!DOCTYPE HTML><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"></head><body><p><h3> Welcome to Apache Tomcat </H3><p></p></body></html>[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.57/bin/shutdown.sh[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.57/bin/startup.sh

打开浏览器，访问Tomcat虚拟主机

Linux运维 --- Tomcat服务配置

基于端口的虚拟主机

[root@localhost www]# vim index.html<Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000"               redirectPort="8443" /><Connector port="81" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />

Linux运维 --- Tomcat服务配置

通过Tomcat部署zrlog博客网站

zrlog是一款开源的java博客系统

官网：https://www.zrlog.com/

下载 zrlog 软件

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://dl.zrlog.com/release/zrlog-2.1.3-b5f0d63-release.war?attname=ROOT.war&ref=index[1] 6665--2020-09-08 14:38:28-- http://dl.zrlog.com/release/zrlog-2.1.3-b5f0d63-release.war?attname=ROOT.warResolving dl.zrlog.com (dl.zrlog.com)... [root@localhost ~]# 113.113.73.41, 14.152.86.41Connecting to dl.zrlog.com (dl.zrlog.com)|113.113.73.41|:80... connected.HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OKLength: 10316293 (9.8M) [application/zip]Saving to: ‘zrlog-2.1.3-b5f0d63-release.war?attname=ROOT.war’
100%[=============================================>] 10,316,293 9.19MB/s in 1.1s 
2020-09-08 14:38:30 (9.19 MB/s) - ‘zrlog-2.1.3-b5f0d63-release.war?attname=ROOT.war’ saved [10316293/10316293]
[1]+ Done wget http://dl.zrlog.com/release/zrlog-2.1.3-b5f0d63-release.war?attname=ROOT.war[root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# ls | grep *.warzrlog-2.1.3-b5f0d63-release.war?attname=ROOT.war

将zrlog软件包移动到webapps目录下时会自动解压

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.57/webapps[root@localhost webapps]# cd [root@localhost ~]# mv zrlog-2.1.3-b5f0d63-release.war\?attname\=ROOT.war /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.57/webapps/zrlog.war[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.57/webapps/[root@localhost webapps]# lsdocs examples host-manager manager ROOT zrlog zrlog.war

将zrlog目录更名为ROOT

[root@localhost webapps]# mv ROOT ROOT.bak[root@localhost webapps]# mv zrlog ROOT

安装Mariadb数据库

为 zrlog博客网站创建数据库

[root@localhost ~]# yum install mariadb mariadb-server.............省略部分安装过程..............Updated: mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.65-1.el7 mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.65-1.el7 
Dependency Updated: mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.65-1.el7 
Complete![root@localhost ~]#

启动并初始化Mariadb数据库

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mariadb[root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation # 初始化数据库
Enter current password for root (enter for none): # 敲回车OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Set root password? [Y/n] y # 配置数据库登陆密码New password: Re-enter new password: Password updated successfully!Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success!
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y         # 删除匿名用户 ... Success!
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y # 禁止root远程登陆 ... Success!
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y    # 删除 test数据库 - Dropping test database... ... Success! - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success!
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y      # 刷新授权表 ... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDBinstallation should now be secure.Thanks for using MariaDB![root@localhost ~]#

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在Firewall上添加MySQL，并重启Firewall

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=mysqlsuccess[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reloadsuccess[root@localhost ~]#

登陆Mariadb数据库，创建zrlog数据库和zrlog用户并给用户授权

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MariaDB connection id is 10Server version: 5.5.65-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> create database zrlog;    # 创建 zrlog数据库Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)       # 创建数据库用户并授权MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on zrlog.* to 'zrlog'@'192.168.203.129' identified by '123456';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>