小成本的负载均衡器-nginx
“ 相遇是一种缘分”
初衷
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其实,如论是开发、运维还是安全,讲的都是计算机知识。作为人类的智慧产物。知识可以分类,但不能过于强调技能分类。而应该分清深浅,并且最终应该得是串联。如果我们一味强调学习什么,那么可能从一开始的认知上就很局限性了。
我相信在大多数企业在建立负载均衡器方面是有曾考虑过nginx的。因此ngnix的活跃性才丝毫没有被淡忘。从个人来讲nginx是自由软件且口碑又好,足够为私人网站提供高可靠和便利条件,如果将其作为反向代理,能够直接屏蔽服务器的真实IP。如果不能应用这么好用的东西往后有何颜面跟人家夸夸其谈。
目前网上有许多部署nginx的方案,更甚有docker的一部署策略支持,可谓是开箱即用了。但是我们今天还是选择通过编译安装的方式来熟悉一下这套产品。
实践
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以上是结构
0x01 准备:
作为nginx服务器:CentOS Linux release 7.8.2003 (Core)NAME="CentOS Linux"VERSION="7 (Core)"ID="centos"ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"VERSION_ID="7"再准备两三台后端服务器:metasploitable
0x02 nginx搭建:
1.到网上平台下载Nginx相关的组件
2.然后解压并编译安装
make && make install分别在四个目录进行执行
[root@localhost openssl-fips-2.0.10]# ./config &&make &&make install
[root@localhost pcre-8.40]# ./configure &&make &&make install
[root@localhost zlib-1.2.11]# ./configure &&make &&make install
[root@localhost nginx-1.10.2]# ./configure &&make &&make install
注:make作为编译安装之所以能进行,是当前或制定路径下的有Makefile规则文件,该文件按一定规则将软件包通过gcc-c++去组合并编译
default: buildclean:rm -rf Makefile objsbuild:$(MAKE) -f objs/Makefileinstall:$(MAKE) -f objs/Makefile installmodules:$(MAKE) -f objs/Makefile modulesupgrade:/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -tkill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`sleep 1test -f /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.oldbinkill -QUIT `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.oldbin`
所以文件更新的位置等可以通过修改Makefile规则去改变。
3.启动服务
编译后默认会启动nginx服务,或者手动启动:/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
更多操作:
[root@localhost nginx-1.10.2]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -hnginx version: nginx/1.10.2Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives]Options:-?,-h : this help-v : show version and exit-V : show version and configure options then exit-t : test configuration and exit-T : test configuration, dump it and exit-q : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing-s signal : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload-p prefix : set prefix path (default: /usr/local/nginx/)-c filename : set configuration file (default: conf/nginx.conf)-g directives : set global directives out of configuration file
#user nobody;worker_processes 1;#error_log logs/error.log;#error_log logs/error.log notice;#error_log logs/error.log info;#pid logs/nginx.pid;events {worker_connections 1024;}http {include mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';#access_log logs/access.log main;sendfile on;#tcp_nopush on;#keepalive_timeout 0;keepalive_timeout 65;#gzip on;server {listen 80;server_name localhost;#charset koi8-r;#access_log logs/host.access.log main;location / {root html;index index.html index.htm;}#error_page 404 /404.html;# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html#error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;location = /50x.html {root html;}# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80##location ~ \.php$ {# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;#}# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000##location ~ \.php$ {# root html;# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;# fastcgi_index index.php;# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;# include fastcgi_params;#}# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root# concurs with nginx's one##location ~ /\.ht {# deny all;#}}# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration##server {# listen 8000;# listen somename:8080;# server_name somename alias another.alias;# location / {# root html;# index index.html index.htm;# }#}# HTTPS server##server {# listen 443 ssl;# server_name localhost;# ssl_certificate cert.pem;# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;# ssl_session_timeout 5m;# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;# location / {# root html;# index index.html index.htm;# }#}}
0x03 负载均衡:
配置规则
# 负载均衡规则upstream htmlserver{server 192.168.43.38:80;server 192.168.43.165:80;}server {# 监听80端口listen 8080;# 主机地址server_name www.xxx.com;#charset koi8-r;#access_log logs/host.access.log main;location / {# 被代理服务器映射规则proxy_pass http://htmlserver;}}
视频演示效果(可能看不了):
传递思路(nginx作为前置代理,后端布置两套应用,当中断任意一套后端系统,客户端基本无感):
看几组图片效果:
小结
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