Spring的数据库编程浅入浅出—不吹牛逼不装逼
前言
上文书我写了,后来又衔接了注解,在这后面本来是应该写Spring AOP的,但我觉得对于初学者来说,这部分可以先放放,先入门,把核心理解后再回过头来看这些我觉得效果更好,不知道说的对不对,要是理解不当,还望指教。此篇为Spring的数据库编程,主要讲jdbcTemplate,让初学者直接上手。
数据库切入
数据库编程是互联网编程的基础,Spring框架为开发者提供了JDBC模板模式,即jdbcTemplate,它可以简化许多代码,需要提醒的是jdbcTemplate在实际应用中并不常用,但我觉得对新手来说苍蝇再小也是肉,要想往前走,就得把这些小肉先吃了。
Spring JDBC配置
使用Spring JDBC操作数据库,需要对其进行配置,配置如下
<!--配置spring-jdbcTemplate-->
<!--配置数据源-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<!--MySQL数据库驱动-->
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
<!--连接数据库的URL-->
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bbb?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"></property>
<!--连接数据库的用户名-->
<property name="username" value="root"></property>
<!--连接数据库的密码-->
<property name="password" value="root"></property>
</bean>
<!--配置JDBC模板-->
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
配置JDBC模板时需要将dataSource注入到jdbcTemplate,而在数据访问层(Dao类)需要使用jdbcTemplate时也需要将jdbc Template注入到对应的Bean中,我在这演示用最简单的注解注入
@Repository("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
@Autowired
//使用配置文件中的JDBC模板
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
}
Spring Jdbc Template的常用方法
在上面我们获取了JDBC模板,下面我来说如何使用它。首先需要了解JdbcTemplate常用的方法,该类的常用方法是update和query.
1、public int update(String sql,Object args[])
该方法可以对数据表进行增加、修改、删除等操作。使用args[]设置SQL语句中的参数,并返回更新的行数。
示例如下:
public void add() {
String insertSql = "insert into user values(null,?,?)";
Object parem1[] = {"成功","123456"};
jdbcTemplate.update(insertSql,parem1);
System.out.println("UserDao中的添加功能实现了");
}
2、public List<T> query(String sql,RowMapper<T> rowMapper,Object args[])
该方法可以对数据表进行查询操作,rowMapper将结果集映射到用户自定义的类中(前提是自定义类中的属性要与数据表的字段对应)。
示例如下:
public void query() {
String selectSql = "select * from user";
RowMapper<User> rowMapper = new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class);
List<User> list = jdbcTemplate.query(selectSql,rowMapper,null);
System.out.println("UserDao中的查询功能实现了");
}
案例辅助
Pom.xml
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.38</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring核心依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--日志相关-->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
spring-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
">
<!--配置注解要扫描的包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.my"></context:component-scan>
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
<!--将指定类TestDaoImpl配置给Spring,让Spring创建其实例-->
<bean id="testDIDao" class="com.my.dao.impl.TestDaoImpl"/>
<!--使用构造方法注入-->
<!--<bean id="testDIService" class="com.my.service.impl.TestServiceImpl" >-->
<!--<!–将TestDIDao注入到TestDIServiceImpl类的属性testDao上–>-->
<!--<constructor-arg index="0" ref="testDIDao"/>-->
<!--</bean>-->
<!--使用setter方法注入-->
<bean id="testDIService" class="com.my.service.impl.TestServiceImpl">
<!--调用TestDIServiceImpl类的setter方法,将TestDao注入到TestServiceImpl类的属性testDao上-->
<property name="testDao" ref="testDIDao"></property>
</bean>
<!--配置spring-jdbcTemplate-->
<!--配置数据源-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<!--MySQL数据库驱动-->
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
<!--连接数据库的URL-->
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bbb?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"></property>
<!--连接数据库的用户名-->
<property name="username" value="root"></property>
<!--连接数据库的密码-->
<property name="password" value="root"></property>
</bean>
<!--配置JDBC模板-->
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!--配置事务-->
<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!--注册事务注解驱动-->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"></tx:annotation-driven>
</beans>
User
package com.my.pojo;
public class User {
private int id;
private String username;
private String password;
public User() {
}
public User(int id, String username, String password) {
this.id = id;
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", username='" + username + ''' +
", password='" + password + ''' +
'}';
}
}
UserDao
package com.my.dao;
public interface UserDao {
public void add();
public void delete();
public void update();
public void query();
}
UserDaoImpl
package com.my.dao.impl;
import com.my.dao.UserDao;
import com.my.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.List;
@Repository("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
@Autowired
//使用配置文件中的JDBC模板
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
@Override
public void add() {
String insertSql = "insert into user values(null,?,?)";
for (int i=0;i<15;i++){
Object parem1[] = {"成功","123456"};
jdbcTemplate.update(insertSql,parem1);
}
System.out.println("UserDao中的添加功能实现了");
}
@Override
public void delete() {
String deleteSql = "delete from user where id=?";
Object parem2[] = {5};
jdbcTemplate.update(deleteSql,parem2);
System.out.println("UserDao中的删除功能实现了");
}
@Override
public void update() {
String updateSql = "update user set username=? , password=? where id =?";
Object parem3[] = {"修改","654321",3};
jdbcTemplate.update(updateSql,parem3);
System.out.println("UserDao中的修改功能实现了");
}
@Override
public void query() {
String selectSql = "select * from user";
RowMapper<User> rowMapper = new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class);
List<User> list = jdbcTemplate.query(selectSql,rowMapper,null);
System.out.println("UserDao中的查询功能实现了");
for (User user : list){
System.out.println(user);
}
}
}
测试Test3
package com.my.test;
import com.my.dao.UserDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Test3 {
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext appCon = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-config.xml");
//从容器中获取目标对象
UserDao userDao = (UserDao) appCon.getBean("userDao");
//userDao.add();
userDao.delete();
userDao.update();
userDao.query();
}
}
测试结果
结束
对于Spring JbdcTemplate的讲解到此结束,对于新手来说没必要太复杂,能完成增删改查做个入门即可,等了解了再详细学习才有帮助,希望能对一些需要的朋友有用吧。
欲知下文如何,请看下回讲解。
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