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分析

The following rules describe how conversion occurs for comparison operations: .... 省略一万字 .... In all other cases, the arguments are compared as floating-point (real) numbers.

也就是说，他会将等于号的两边转换成浮点数来做比较。

Comparisons that use floating-point numbers (or values that are converted to floating-point numbers) are approximate because such numbers are inexact. This might lead to results that appear inconsistent:

如果比较使用了浮点型，那么比较会是近似的，将导致结果看起来不一致，也就是可能导致查询结果错误。

我们测试下刚刚生产的例子：

mysql > select '170325171202362928' = 170325171202362930;
+-------------------------------------------+
| '170325171202362928' = 170325171202362930 |
+-------------------------------------------+
|                                         1 |
+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)```

mysql  > select '170325171202362928'+0.0;
+--------------------------+
| '170325171202362928'+0.0 |
+--------------------------+
|    1.7032517120236294e17 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql > select '170325171202362930'+0.0;
+--------------------------+
| '170325171202362930'+0.0 |
+--------------------------+
|    1.7032517120236294e17 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql > select '170325171202362931'+0.0;
+--------------------------+
| '170325171202362931'+0.0 |
+--------------------------+
|    1.7032517120236294e17 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql > select '170325171202362941'+0.0;
+--------------------------+
| '170325171202362941'+0.0 |
+--------------------------+
|    1.7032517120236294e17 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql > select '170325171202362931' = 170325171202362930;
+-------------------------------------------+
| '170325171202362931' = 170325171202362930 |
+-------------------------------------------+
|                                         1 |
+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql > select '170325171202362941' = 170325171202362930;
+-------------------------------------------+
| '170325171202362941' = 170325171202362930 |
+-------------------------------------------+
|                                         1 |
+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

For comparisons of a string column with a number, MySQL cannot use an index on the column to look up the value quickly. If str_col is an indexed string column, the index cannot be used when performing the lookup in the following statement:

SELECT * FROM tbl_name WHERE str_col=1;

The reason for this is that there are many different strings that may convert to the value 1, such as '1', ' 1', or '1a'.

我们进行测试

mysql > create table tbl_name(id int ,str_col varchar(10),c3 varchar(5),primary key(id),key idx_str(str_col));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql  > insert into tbl_name(id,str_col) values(1,'a'),(2,'b');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql  > insert into tbl_name(id,str_col) values(3,'3c'),(4,'4d');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql  > desc select * from tbl_name where str_col='a';
+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table    | type | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra                    |
+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | tbl_name | ref  | idx_str       | idx_str | 13      | const |    1 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+

mysql  > desc select * from tbl_name where str_col=3;
+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table    | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra       |
+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | tbl_name | ALL  | idx_str       | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    4 | Using where |
+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql [localhost] {msandbox} (test) > select * from tbl_name where str_col=3;
+----+---------+------+
| id | str_col | c1   |
+----+---------+------+
|  3 | 3c      | NULL |
+----+---------+------+
1 row in set, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

同时我们可以看到，我们用数值型的3和str_col进行比较的时候，他无法利用索引，同时取出来的值也是错误的，

mysql  > show warnings;
+---------+------+----------------------------------------+
| Level   | Code | Message                                |
+---------+------+----------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1292 | Truncated incorrect DOUBLE value: '3c' |
| Warning | 1292 | Truncated incorrect DOUBLE value: '4d' |
+---------+------+----------------------------------------+

小结