Linux操作文档——MySQL搭建MyCAT(5.7.26)
一、架构设计
1、主从规划
2、分片规划
二、环境搭建
1、准备实例
1、安装MySQL
[root@mysql-1 ~]# mkdir -p /data/33{07..10}/data[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3309/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3310/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
2、准备mysql-1配置文件
[root@mysql-1 ~]# cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF[mysqld]basedir=/usr/local/mysqldatadir=/data/3307/datasocket=/data/3307/mysql.sockport=3307log-error=/data/3307/mysql.loglog_bin=/data/3307/mysql-binbinlog_format=rowskip-name-resolveserver-id=7gtid-mode=onenforce-gtid-consistency=truelog-slave-updates=1EOF[root@mysql-1 ~]# cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF[mysqld]basedir=/usr/local/mysqldatadir=/data/3308/dataport=3308socket=/data/3308/mysql.socklog-error=/data/3308/mysql.loglog_bin=/data/3308/mysql-binbinlog_format=rowskip-name-resolveserver-id=8gtid-mode=onenforce-gtid-consistency=truelog-slave-updates=1EOF[root@mysql-1 ~]# cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF[mysqld]basedir=/usr/local/mysqldatadir=/data/3309/datasocket=/data/3309/mysql.sockport=3309log-error=/data/3309/mysql.loglog_bin=/data/3309/mysql-binbinlog_format=rowskip-name-resolveserver-id=9gtid-mode=onenforce-gtid-consistency=truelog-slave-updates=1EOF[root@mysql-1 ~]# cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF[mysqld]basedir=/usr/local/mysqldatadir=/data/3310/datasocket=/data/3310/mysql.sockport=3310log-error=/data/3310/mysql.loglog_bin=/data/3310/mysql-binbinlog_format=rowskip-name-resolveserver-id=10gtid-mode=onenforce-gtid-consistency=truelog-slave-updates=1EOF[root@mysql-1 ~]# cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF[Unit]Description=MySQL ServerDocumentation=man:mysqld(8)Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlAfter=network.targetAfter=syslog.target[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target[Service]User=mysqlGroup=mysqlExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnfLimitNOFILE = 5000EOF[root@mysql-1 ~]# cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF[Unit]Description=MySQL ServerDocumentation=man:mysqld(8)Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlAfter=network.targetAfter=syslog.target[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target[Service]User=mysqlGroup=mysqlExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnfLimitNOFILE = 5000EOF[root@mysql-1 ~]# cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF[Unit]Description=MySQL ServerDocumentation=man:mysqld(8)Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlAfter=network.targetAfter=syslog.target[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target[Service]User=mysqlGroup=mysqlExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnfLimitNOFILE = 5000EOF[root@mysql-1 ~]# cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF[Unit]Description=MySQL ServerDocumentation=man:mysqld(8)Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlAfter=network.targetAfter=syslog.target[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target[Service]User=mysqlGroup=mysqlExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnfLimitNOFILE = 5000EOF
3、准备mysql-2配置文件
[root@mysql-2 ~]# cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF[mysqld]basedir=/usr/local/mysqldatadir=/data/3307/datasocket=/data/3307/mysql.sockport=3307log-error=/data/3307/mysql.loglog_bin=/data/3307/mysql-binbinlog_format=rowskip-name-resolveserver-id=17gtid-mode=onenforce-gtid-consistency=truelog-slave-updates=1EOF[root@mysql-2 ~]# cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF[mysqld]basedir=/usr/local/mysqldatadir=/data/3308/dataport=3308socket=/data/3308/mysql.socklog-error=/data/3308/mysql.loglog_bin=/data/3308/mysql-binbinlog_format=rowskip-name-resolveserver-id=18gtid-mode=onenforce-gtid-consistency=truelog-slave-updates=1EOF[root@mysql-2 ~]# cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF[mysqld]basedir=/usr/local/mysqldatadir=/data/3309/datasocket=/data/3309/mysql.sockport=3309log-error=/data/3309/mysql.loglog_bin=/data/3309/mysql-binbinlog_format=rowskip-name-resolveserver-id=19gtid-mode=onenforce-gtid-consistency=truelog-slave-updates=1EOF[root@mysql-2 ~]# cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF[mysqld]basedir=/usr/local/mysqldatadir=/data/3310/datasocket=/data/3310/mysql.sockport=3310log-error=/data/3310/mysql.loglog_bin=/data/3310/mysql-binbinlog_format=rowskip-name-resolveserver-id=20gtid-mode=onenforce-gtid-consistency=truelog-slave-updates=1EOF[root@mysql-2 ~]# cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF[Unit]Description=MySQL ServerDocumentation=man:mysqld(8)Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlAfter=network.targetAfter=syslog.target[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target[Service]User=mysqlGroup=mysqlExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnfLimitNOFILE = 5000EOF[root@mysql-2 ~]# cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF[Unit]Description=MySQL ServerDocumentation=man:mysqld(8)Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlAfter=network.targetAfter=syslog.target[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target[Service]User=mysqlGroup=mysqlExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnfLimitNOFILE = 5000EOF[root@mysql-2 ~]# cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF[Unit]Description=MySQL ServerDocumentation=man:mysqld(8)Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlAfter=network.targetAfter=syslog.target[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target[Service]User=mysqlGroup=mysqlExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnfLimitNOFILE = 5000EOF[root@mysql-2 ~]# cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF[Unit]Description=MySQL ServerDocumentation=man:mysqld(8)Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlAfter=network.targetAfter=syslog.target[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target[Service]User=mysqlGroup=mysqlExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnfLimitNOFILE = 5000EOF
4、修改权限,启动多实例
[root@mysql-1 ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/*[root@mysql-1 ~]# systemctl start mysqld3307[root@mysql-1 ~]# systemctl start mysqld3308[root@mysql-1 ~]# systemctl start mysqld3309[root@mysql-1 ~]# systemctl start mysqld3310[root@mysql-1 ~]# netstat -anpt | grep mysqltcp6 0 0 :::3307 :::* LISTEN 17583/mysqldtcp6 0 0 :::3308 :::* LISTEN 17590/mysqldtcp6 0 0 :::3309 :::* LISTEN 17597/mysqldtcp6 0 0 :::3310 :::* LISTEN 17685/mysqld[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"+---------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+---------------+-------+| server_id | 7 |+---------------+-------+[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"+---------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+---------------+-------+| server_id | 8 |+---------------+-------+[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"+---------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+---------------+-------+| server_id | 9 |+---------------+-------+[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"+---------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+---------------+-------+| server_id | 10 |+---------------+-------+[root@mysql-2 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"+---------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+---------------+-------+| server_id | 17 |+---------------+-------+[root@mysql-2 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"+---------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+---------------+-------+| server_id | 18 |+---------------+-------+[root@mysql-2 ~]# mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"+---------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+---------------+-------+| server_id | 19 |+---------------+-------+[root@mysql-2 ~]# mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"+---------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+---------------+-------+| server_id | 20 |+---------------+-------+
2、配置主从
1、配置互为主从
1、mysql-1:3307←→mysql-2:3307
[root@mysql-2 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'192.168.1.%' identified by '123';"[root@mysql-2 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant all on *.* to root@'192.168.1.%' identified by '123' with grant option;"[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.20', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"*************************** 1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send eventMaster_Host: 192.168.1.20Master_User: replMaster_Port: 3307Connect_Retry: 60Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1045Relay_Log_File: mysql-1-relay-bin.000002Relay_Log_Pos: 1258Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001Slave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: Yes[root@mysql-2 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.10', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"[root@mysql-2 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"[root@mysql-2 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"*************************** 1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send eventMaster_Host: 192.168.1.10Master_User: replMaster_Port: 3307Connect_Retry: 60Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1045Relay_Log_File: mysql-2-relay-bin.000002Relay_Log_Pos: 414Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001Slave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: Yes
2、mysql-1:3308←→mysql-2:3308
[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'192.168.1.%' identified by '123';"[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant all on *.* to root@'192.168.1.%' identified by '123' with grant option;"[root@mysql-2 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.10', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"[root@mysql-2 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"[root@mysql-2 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"*************************** 1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send eventMaster_Host: 192.168.1.10Master_User: replMaster_Port: 3308Connect_Retry: 60Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001Read_Master_Log_Pos: 755Relay_Log_File: mysql-2-relay-bin.000002Relay_Log_Pos: 968Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001Slave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: Yes[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.20', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"*************************** 1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send eventMaster_Host: 192.168.1.20Master_User: replMaster_Port: 3308Connect_Retry: 60Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001Read_Master_Log_Pos: 755Relay_Log_File: mysql-1-relay-bin.000002Relay_Log_Pos: 414Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001Slave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: Yes
2、配置单向主从
1、mysql-1:3309—→mysql-1:3307
~]# mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.10', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"~]# mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"~]# mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send eventMaster_Host: 192.168.1.10Master_User: replMaster_Port: 3307Connect_Retry: 60Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1045Relay_Log_File: mysql-1-relay-bin.000002Relay_Log_Pos: 1258Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001Slave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: Yes
2、mysql-2:3309—→mysql-2:3307
~]# mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.20', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"~]# mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"~]# mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send eventMaster_Host: 192.168.1.20Master_User: replMaster_Port: 3307Connect_Retry: 60Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1045Relay_Log_File: mysql-2-relay-bin.000002Relay_Log_Pos: 1258Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001Slave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: Yes
3、mysql-2:3310—→mysql-2:3308
~]# mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.20', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"~]# mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"~]# mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send eventMaster_Host: 192.168.1.20Master_User: replMaster_Port: 3308Connect_Retry: 60Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001Read_Master_Log_Pos: 755Relay_Log_File: mysql-2-relay-bin.000002Relay_Log_Pos: 968Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001Slave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: Yes
4、mysql-1:3310—→mysql-1:3308
~]# mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.10', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"~]# mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"~]# mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send eventMaster_Host: 192.168.1.10Master_User: replMaster_Port: 3308Connect_Retry: 60Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001Read_Master_Log_Pos: 755Relay_Log_File: mysql-1-relay-bin.000002Relay_Log_Pos: 968Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001Slave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: Yes
3、检测主从状态
[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep YesSlave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: Yes[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep YesSlave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: Yes[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep YesSlave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: Yes[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep YesSlave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: Yes[root@mysql-2 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep YesSlave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: Yes[root@mysql-2 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep YesSlave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: Yes[root@mysql-2 ~]# mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep YesSlave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: Yes[root@mysql-2 ~]# mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep YesSlave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: Yes
三、MyCAT安装
[root@mysql-1 ~]# yum -y install java[root@mysql-1 ~]# wget http://dl.mycat.org.cn/1.6.7.4/Mycat-server-1.6.7.4-release/Mycat-server-1.6.7.4-release-20200105164103-linux.tar.gz[root@mysql-1 ~]# tar zxf Mycat-server-1.6.7.4-release-20200105164103-linux.tar.gz -C /usr/local/[root@mysql-1 ~]# vim /etc/profileexport PATH=/usr/local/mycat/bin:$PATH[root@mysql-1 ~]# source /etc/profile[root@mysql-1 ~]# mycat startStarting Mycat-server...[root@mysql-1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066mysql>
四、Mycat基础应用
1、实现1主1从读写分离
[][][]<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd"><mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"><schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"></schema><dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="mysql-1" database= "world" /><dataHost name="mysql-1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.1.10:3307" user="root" password="123"><readHost host="db2" url="192.168.1.10:3309" user="root" password="123" /></writeHost></dataHost></mycat:schema>[]Starting Mycat-server...Mycat-server is already running.[]Your MySQL connection id is 2Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.4-release-20200105164103 MyCat Server (OpenCloudDB)mysql> select @@server_id; //测试读+-------------+| @@server_id |+-------------+| 9 |+-------------+1 row in set (0.05 sec)mysql> begin;select @@server_id;commit; //测试写Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)+-------------+| @@server_id |+-------------+| 7 |+-------------+
2、实现高可用+读写分离
[root@mysql-1 ~]# cd /usr/local/mycat/conf/[root@mysql-1 conf]# vim schema.xml<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"><schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"></schema><dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="mysql-1" database= "world" /><dataHost name="mysql-1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>#真正的写节点,负责写操作<writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.1.10:3307" user="root" password="123"><readHost host="db2" url="192.168.1.10:3309" user="root" password="123" /></writeHost>#准备写节点,负责读,当192.168.1.10:3307宕掉,会切换成为真正的写节点<writeHost host="db3" url="192.168.1.20:3307" user="root" password="123"><readHost host="db4" url="192.168.1.20:3309" user="root" password="123" /></writeHost></dataHost></mycat:schema>
五、Mycat高级应用-分布式解决方案
1、垂直切分
作用:根据业务的不同,将不同业务的表放到不同的数据库中,但可以在映射的表中一起查看到
[root@mysql-1 conf]# vim schema.xml<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"><schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"><table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/><table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/></schema><dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="mysql-1" database= "taobao" /><dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="mysql-2" database= "taobao" /><dataHost name="mysql-1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.1.10:3307" user="root" password="123"><readHost host="db2" url="192.168.1.10:3309" user="root" password="123" /></writeHost><writeHost host="db3" url="192.168.1.20:3307" user="root" password="123"><readHost host="db4" url="192.168.1.20:3309" user="root" password="123" /></writeHost></dataHost><dataHost name="mysql-2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.1.10:3308" user="root" password="123"><readHost host="db2" url="192.168.1.10:3310" user="root" password="123" /></writeHost><writeHost host="db3" url="192.168.1.20:3308" user="root" password="123"><readHost host="db4" url="192.168.1.20:3310" user="root" password="123" /></writeHost></dataHost></mycat:schema>
2、水平拆分
目的:将大数据量进行分布存储,提供均衡的访问路由
1、范围分片
目的:根据某个字段的数值范围来确定这些数据到底存放在哪一个分片上
注意:分片规则配置文件autopartition-long.txt中配置的节点要跟dataNode数量对应上,不然可能会报错
[root@mysql-1 conf]# vim schema.xml<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"><schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"><table name="t3" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="auto-sharding-long" />[root@mysql-1 conf]# vim rule.xml<tableRule name="auto-sharding-long"><rule><columns>id</columns> //以id作为数值范围<algorithm>rang-long</algorithm></rule><function name="rang-long"class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong"><property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property></function>[root@mysql-1 conf]# vim autopartition-long.txt# range start-end ,data node index# K=1000,M=10000. K=千,M=万0-500M=0500M-1000M=1
2、取模分片
目的:切分规则根据配置中输入的数值n。此种分片规则将数据分成n份,从而将数据均匀的分布于各个节点上
取余分片方式:分片键(一个列)与节点数量进行取余,得到余数,将数据写入对应节点
[root@mysql-1 conf]# vim schema.xml<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"><schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"><table name="t4" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long" />[root@mysql-1 conf]# vim rule.xml<tableRule name="mod-long"><rule><columns>id</columns><algorithm>mod-long</algorithm></rule></tableRule><function name="mod-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod"><!-- how many data nodes --><property name="count">2</property> //2即为节点数</function>
3、枚举分片
目的:将符合条件的记录分配到对应节点上,不满足条件的分配到默认节点
[root@mysql-1 conf]# vim schema.xml<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"><schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"><table name="t5" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="sharding-by-intfile" />[root@mysql-1 conf]# vim rule.xml<tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile"><rule><columns>sharding_id</columns><algorithm>hash-int</algorithm></rule><function name="hash-int"class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByFileMap"><property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property><property name="type">1</property> //支持字符串(中文)<property name="defaultNode">0</property></function>[root@mysql-1 conf]# vim partition-hash-int.txt10000=010010=1DEFAULT_NODE=1 //情况之外
3、全局表
指在所有节点都保存一份一样的数据
[root@mysql-1 conf]# vim schema.xml<table name="t6" primaryKey="id" type="global" dataNode="sh1,sh2" />
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