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k8s入门之基础环境准备(一)

 一、在虚拟机中安装Ubuntu20.04.4系统

1.下载Ubuntu20.04.4服务器版本系统

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/20.04

2.在Vmware Workstation中安装该版本的系统(安装步骤略),注意虚拟机网络使用NAT模式

二、配置Ubuntu系统

1.设置root密码

sudo passwd

2.设置静态IP

(1)查看网卡设备号

ip a

(2)更改网络配置文件



使用以下命令编辑网络配置文件

nano /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml

文件内容如下

network: ethernets: ens160: #配置的网卡的名称 addresses: [192.168.59.100/24] #配置的静态ip地址和掩码 dhcp4: no #关闭DHCP,如果需要打开DHCP则写yes optional: true gateway4: 192.168.59.2 #网关地址 nameservers: addresses: [114.114.114.114,8.8.8.8] #DNS服务器地址,多个DNS服务器地址需要用英文逗号分隔开 version: 2 renderer: networkd #指定后端采用systemd-networkd或者Network Manager,可不填写则默认使用systemd-workd

(3)使配置生效

netplan apply

3.关闭防火墙

ufw disable

4.允许root用户ssh登录

(1)安装ssh server

apt install openssh-server

(2)修改ssh配置文件

vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
#放开以下三行注释,并把PermitRootLogin的值改为yes,这样就允许root用户远程登录了LoginGraceTime 2mPermitRootLogin yesStrictModes yes

(3)重启ssh

service ssh restart

5.配置阿里源

(1)备份原始源

cp /etc/apt/source.list /etc/apt/source.list.backup

(2)修改源

vi /etc/apt/source.list

注释原有内容,把以下内容粘贴到文件中

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricteddeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricteddeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal universedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricteddeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security universedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security multiverse

(3)更新源

apt updateapt upgrade

三、安装docker

1.直接根据官网文档就可以完美安装,安装的版本是20.10.14

https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu

2.查看安装成功后的版本信息

docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community Version: 20.10.14 API version: 1.41 Go version: go1.16.15 Git commit: a224086 Built: Thu Mar 24 01:48:02 2022 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Context: default Experimental: trueServer: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 20.10.14 API version: 1.41 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.16.15 Git commit: 87a90dc Built: Thu Mar 24 01:45:53 2022 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false containerd: Version: 1.5.11 GitCommit: 3df54a852345ae127d1fa3092b95168e4a88e2f8 runc: Version: 1.0.3 GitCommit: v1.0.3-0-gf46b6ba docker-init: Version: 0.19.0 GitCommit: de40ad0

3.设置镜像加速器

sudo mkdir -p /etc/dockersudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'{ "registry-mirrors": ["https://ihujqq09.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]}EOFsudo systemctl daemon-reloadsudo systemctl restart docker

4.更改cgroup类型

docker默认的cgroup类型是cgroups

docker info|grep "Cgroup Driver" Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs

由于新版本的k8s使用systemd作为其cgroup驱动,所以需要把docker的也改成systemd

cat << EOF > /etc/docker/daemon.json{ "registry-mirrors": ["https://ihujqq09.mirror.aliyuncs.com"], "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]}EOF

然后重启docker

service docker restart

重新查看docker的cgroup驱动

docker info|grep "Cgroup Driver" Cgroup Driver: systemd